Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2013 Mar;31(Pt 1):128-35. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-835X.2012.02084.x. Epub 2012 Sep 19.
Children's awareness of how others evaluate their gender could influence their behaviours and well-being, yet little is known about when this awareness develops and what influences its emergence. The current study investigated culturally diverse 4-year-olds' (N = 240) public regard for gender groups and whether exposure to factors that convey status and highlight gender influenced it. Children were asked whether most people thought (i) girls or boys, and (ii) women or men, were better. Overall, children thought others more positively evaluated their own gender. However more TV exposure and, among girls only, more traditional parental division of housework predicted children stating that others thought boys were better, suggesting more awareness of greater male status. Children's public regard was distinct from their personal attitudes.
儿童对他人如何评价其性别的意识可能会影响他们的行为和幸福感，但人们对这种意识何时发展以及什么因素影响其出现知之甚少。本研究调查了文化多元的 4 岁儿童（N=240）对性别群体的公开看法，以及他们是否接触到传达地位和突出性别的因素会影响他们的看法。研究人员询问孩子们，大多数人认为（i）女孩还是男孩，以及（ii）女人还是男人更好。总的来说，孩子们认为别人对自己的性别评价更高。然而，更多地看电视以及，仅在女孩中，更多传统的父母分工做家务，预测孩子们会说别人认为男孩更好，这表明他们对男性地位的认识更多。儿童的公开看法与他们的个人态度不同。
