Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough College, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C1A4, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Apr;175:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.007. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
One-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was used to investigate the toxic mode of action (MOA) of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and its degradation product, endosulfan sulfate, to Eisenia fetida earthworms in soil. Three soil concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) were used for both endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate. Both earthworm coelomic fluid (CF) and tissues were extracted and then analyzed using (1)H and (1)H-(13)C NMR techniques. A similar separation trajectory was observed for endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate-exposed earthworms in the mean principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot for both the earthworm CF and tissue extracts. A neurotoxic and apoptotic MOA was postulated for both endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate exposed earthworms as significant fluctuations in glutamine/GABA-glutamate cycle metabolites and spermidine were detected respectively. This study highlights the application of NMR-based metabolomics to understand molecular-level toxicity of persistent organochlorine pesticides and their degradation products directly in soil.
采用基于一维（1D）和二维（2D）核磁共振（NMR）的代谢组学方法，研究了有机氯农药硫丹及其降解产物硫丹硫酸盐对土壤中的赤子爱胜蚓的毒性作用模式（MOA）。在土壤中使用了三种硫丹和硫丹硫酸盐浓度（0.1、1.0 和 10.0 mg/kg）。分别提取蚯蚓体腔液（CF）和组织，并使用（1）H 和（1）H-（13）C NMR 技术进行分析。在蚯蚓 CF 和组织提取物的主成分分析（PCA）得分图中，观察到暴露于硫丹和硫丹硫酸盐的蚯蚓具有相似的分离轨迹。推测硫丹和硫丹硫酸盐暴露的蚯蚓存在神经毒性和细胞凋亡作用模式，因为分别检测到谷氨酰胺/ GABA-谷氨酸循环代谢物和亚精胺的显著波动。本研究强调了基于 NMR 的代谢组学在直接在土壤中理解持久性有机氯农药及其降解产物的分子水平毒性的应用。
