Bastawrous Monica, Jenne Amy, Tabatabaei Anaraki Maryam, Simpson André J
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Metabolites. 2018 May 24;8(2):35. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020035.
Part review, part perspective, this article examines the applications and potential of in-vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for understanding environmental toxicity. In-vivo NMR can be applied in high field NMR spectrometers using either magic angle spinning based approaches, or flow systems. Solution-state NMR in combination with a flow system provides a low stress approach to monitor dissolved metabolites, while magic angle spinning NMR allows the detection of all components (solutions, gels and solids), albeit with additional stress caused by the rapid sample spinning. With in-vivo NMR it is possible to use the same organisms for control and exposure studies (controls are the same organisms prior to exposure inside the NMR). As such individual variability can be reduced while continual data collection over time provides the temporal resolution required to discern complex interconnected response pathways. When multidimensional NMR is combined with isotopic labelling, a wide range of metabolites can be identified in-vivo providing a unique window into the living metabolome that is highly complementary to more traditional metabolomics studies employing extracts, tissues, or biofluids.
本文兼具综述与展望，探讨了体内核磁共振（NMR）在理解环境毒性方面的应用及潜力。体内NMR可应用于高场NMR光谱仪，采用基于魔角旋转的方法或流动系统。结合流动系统的溶液态NMR提供了一种低压力方法来监测溶解的代谢物，而魔角旋转NMR能够检测所有成分（溶液、凝胶和固体），尽管快速的样品旋转会带来额外压力。借助体内NMR，可以将相同的生物体用于对照和暴露研究（对照是在NMR内暴露之前的相同生物体）。这样一来，个体差异可以减小，同时随着时间的持续数据收集提供了辨别复杂相互关联反应途径所需的时间分辨率。当多维NMR与同位素标记相结合时，可在体内鉴定出多种代谢物，为活体代谢组提供了一个独特的窗口，这与使用提取物、组织或生物流体的更传统代谢组学研究具有高度互补性。
