Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Virulence. 2013 Apr 1;4(3):213-22. doi: 10.4161/viru.23380. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
Infectious diseases continue to plague the modern world. In the evolutionary arms race of pathogen emergence, the rules of engagement appear to have suddenly changed. Human activities have collided with nature to hasten the emergence of more potent pathogens from natural microbial populations. This is evident in recent infectious disease outbreaks, the events that led to their origin, and lessons learned: influenza (2009), meningitis (Africa, 2009), cholera (Haiti, 2010), E. coli (Germany, 2011) and Salmonella (USA, 2012). Developing a comprehensive control plan requires an understanding of the genetics, epidemiology and evolution of emergent pathogens for which humans have little or no pre-existing immunity. As we plot our next move, nature's genetic lottery continues, providing the fuel to transform the most unlikely infectious disease scenarios into reality.
传染病继续困扰着现代世界。在病原体出现的进化军备竞赛中，交战规则似乎突然发生了变化。人类活动与自然界发生碰撞，加速了从自然微生物种群中出现更强大的病原体。这在最近的传染病爆发中表现得很明显，这些事件的起源以及从中吸取的教训：流感（2009 年）、脑膜炎（非洲，2009 年）、霍乱（海地，2010 年）、大肠杆菌（德国，2011 年）和沙门氏菌（美国，2012 年）。制定全面的控制计划需要了解人类几乎没有或根本没有预先存在的免疫力的新兴病原体的遗传学、流行病学和进化。当我们策划下一步行动时，大自然的基因彩票仍在继续，为将最不可能发生的传染病情景变为现实提供了动力。
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