Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
Epidemiology. 2013 Mar;24(2):184-90. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31827e95b9.
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields are designated as possibly carcinogenic in humans, based on an epidemiologic association with childhood leukemia. Evidence for associations with adult cancers is weaker and inconsistent.
We conducted a case-control study to investigate risks of adult cancers in relation to distance and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from high-voltage overhead power lines using National Cancer Registry Data in England and Wales, 1974-2008. The study included 7823 leukemia, 6781 brain/central nervous system cancers, 9153 malignant melanoma, 29,202 female breast cancer cases, and 79,507 controls frequency-matched on year and region (three controls per case except for female breast cancer, one control per case) 15-74 years of age living within 1000 m of a high-voltage overhead power line.
There were no clear patterns of excess risk with distance from power lines. After adjustment for confounders (age, sex [except breast cancer], deprivation, rurality), for distances closest to the power lines (0-49 m) compared with distances 600-1000 m, odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.82 (95% confidence interval = 0.61-1.11; 66 cases) for malignant melanoma to 1.22 (0.88-1.69) for brain/central nervous system cancer. We observed no meaningful excess risks and no trends of risk with magnetic field strength for the four cancers examined. In adjusted analyses at the highest estimated field strength, ≥1000 nanotesla (nT), compared with <100 nT, ORs ranged from 0.68 (0.39-1.17) for malignant melanoma to 1.08 (0.77-1.51) for female breast cancer.
Our results do not support an epidemiologic association of adult cancers with residential magnetic fields in proximity to high-voltage overhead power lines.
极低频磁场被认为对人类可能致癌，这是基于其与儿童白血病的流行病学关联。与成人癌症相关的证据较弱且不一致。
我们进行了一项病例对照研究，以调查与高压架空电力线的距离和极低频磁场相关的成人癌症风险，该研究使用了英格兰和威尔士 1974 年至 2008 年的国家癌症登记数据。该研究包括 7823 例白血病、6781 例脑/中枢神经系统癌症、9153 例恶性黑色素瘤、29202 例女性乳腺癌病例和 79507 例年龄和地区匹配的对照者（除女性乳腺癌外，每例病例有 3 个对照者，每例病例有 1 个对照者），年龄在 15-74 岁，居住在高压架空电力线 1000 米范围内。
没有发现与电力线距离相关的明显风险增加模式。在调整了混杂因素（年龄、性别[除乳腺癌外]、贫困程度、农村性）后，与距离电力线最近的距离（0-49 米）相比，距离电力线 600-1000 米的比值比（OR）范围从恶性黑色素瘤的 0.82（95%置信区间=0.61-1.11；66 例）到脑/中枢神经系统癌症的 1.22（0.88-1.69）。我们没有观察到明显的超额风险，也没有发现与四种癌症检查的磁场强度相关的风险趋势。在调整后的最高估计场强分析中，与<100 nT 相比，≥1000 nT 的 OR 范围从恶性黑色素瘤的 0.68（0.39-1.17）到女性乳腺癌的 1.08（0.77-1.51）。
我们的结果不支持成人癌症与居住在高压架空电力线附近的磁场之间存在流行病学关联。
