Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
J Surg Educ. 2013 Jan-Feb;70(1):24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
The operating room (OR) remains primarily a master/apprenticeship-based learning environment for surgical residents. Changes in surgical education and health care systems challenge faculty to efficiently and effectively graduate residents truly competent in operations classified by the Surgical Council on Resident Education as "common essential" and "uncommon essential." Program directors are charged with employing resident evaluation systems that yield useful data, yet feasible enough to fit into a busy surgical faculty member's workflow. This paper proposes a simple model for teaching and assessing residents in the operating room to guide faculty and resident interaction in the OR, and designating a resident's earned level of autonomy for a given procedure. The system as proposed is supported by theories associated with motor skill acquisition and learning.
手术室（OR）仍然主要是外科住院医师的师徒制学习环境。外科教育和医疗保健系统的变化要求教师有效地培养住院医师，使他们真正有能力进行外科住院医师教育委员会（Surgical Council on Resident Education）分类的“常见必要”和“不常见必要”操作。项目主任负责使用住院医师评估系统来提供有用的数据，但又要足够可行，以适应繁忙的外科教员的工作流程。本文提出了一种在手术室中教授和评估住院医师的简单模式，以指导教员和住院医师在手术室中的互动，并指定住院医师在给定手术中的自主权等级。所提出的系统得到了与运动技能获取和学习相关的理论的支持。
