Department de Salut Pública, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013 Apr;32(4):330-4. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318280a34b.
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) might prevent hospitalizations in children because of the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the complications of influenza infection. We investigated the benefit of PCV vaccination in preventing influenza hospitalization in children <5 years of age during the 2009 to 2010 pandemic wave and the 2010 to 2011 influenza epidemic in Spain.
A multicenter matched case-control study was undertaken in 27 hospitals from 7 Spanish regions between July 2009 and April 2011. A case was defined as a hospitalized patient between 6 months and 5 years of age with influenza virus infection confirmed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We selected 2 matched controls for each case from patients with unplanned hospital admission for reasons other than acute respiratory infection or influenza-like illness. Cases and controls were matched according to age, date of hospitalization and province of residence. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for associations between influenza hospitalization and PCV vaccination.
One hundred ninety-four cases and 342 controls were included in the study. In the 2009 to 2010 pandemic wave, the adjusted benefit in preventing hospitalization was 48% (95% confidence interval: 1 to 76) in fully vaccinated children compared with -79% (95% confidence interval: -341 to 27) in the 2010 to 2011 influenza season.
The results obtained suggest that, in children <5 years of age, PCV vaccination reduced hospitalization during the 2009 to 2010 pandemic wave. By contrast, there was no observed benefit of vaccination in the 2010 to 2011 influenza season.
肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）可能通过预防肺炎链球菌在流感感染并发症中的作用，来预防儿童住院。我们调查了 PCV 疫苗接种在预防西班牙 2009 至 2010 年大流行波和 2010 至 2011 年流感流行期间 5 岁以下儿童流感住院的益处。
在 2009 年 7 月至 2011 年 4 月期间，在西班牙 7 个地区的 27 家医院进行了一项多中心匹配病例对照研究。病例定义为 6 个月至 5 岁因流感病毒感染住院的患者，实时逆转录聚合酶链反应证实。我们从因急性呼吸道感染或流感样疾病以外的原因计划住院的患者中为每个病例选择了 2 个匹配对照。病例和对照根据年龄、住院日期和居住省份进行匹配。计算了流感住院与 PCV 疫苗接种之间的关联的粗比值比和调整比值比。
研究纳入了 194 例病例和 342 例对照。在 2009 至 2010 年大流行波中，与 2010 至 2011 年流感季节相比，完全接种疫苗的儿童预防住院的调整益处为 48%（95%置信区间：1 至 76），而 2010 至 2011 年流感季节的调整益处为 -79%（95%置信区间：-341 至 27）。
结果表明，在 5 岁以下儿童中，PCV 疫苗接种减少了 2009 至 2010 年大流行波期间的住院人数。相比之下，在 2010 至 2011 年流感季节，疫苗接种没有观察到益处。
