Hem Per Eivind, Hem Erlend
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012 Dec 11;132(23-24):2636-40. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.1207.
In Norway, the sale of distilled spirits was prohibited from 1916 to 1926, and fortified wines were banned from 1917 to 1923. This period is often referred to as The Prohibition. The consumption of alcohol declined somewhat, but at a high price: Increased smuggling, moonshining and abuse of prescriptions. The latter was caused by the doctors' exclusive right to prescribe alcohol, which some doctors abused for the sake of personal gain. KNOWLEDGE BASIS: The article is based on a review of the records of the Storting's deliberations concerning prescription practices in the period 1916-1926, as well as articles on alcohol issues in the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association from the same period.
With the aid of increasingly strict regulations, the authorities sought to stem the activities of the so-called «whisky doctors». The restrictions and controls imposed on their prescribing rights turned out not to be very effective, however, since the doctors' rights were firmly established. In combination with weaknesses in the legislative base, this hampered the criminal prosecution of doctors who wrote prescriptions in a big way. The abuse reached its climax in 1923. It was only with the enactment of the Prescription Act which came into force on 1 March 1924 that the authorities finally succeeded in gaining control of the abuse of prescriptions. The sale of spirits on prescription subsequently dropped sharply.
The prescription of spirits had gradually spiralled out of control, and the repeated control measures enacted by the authorities proved insufficient. When the Prescription Act was finally adopted after three attempts in the Storting, time was in reality up for the prohibition.
在挪威，1916年至1926年期间禁止销售蒸馏酒，1917年至1923年期间禁止销售强化葡萄酒。这一时期常被称为“禁酒令时期”。酒精消费量有所下降，但付出了高昂代价：走私、私酿以及滥用处方药物现象增多。后者是由于医生拥有开酒精处方的专有权，一些医生为谋取私利而滥用此权。
本文基于对挪威议会1916 - 1926年期间有关处方行为的审议记录的回顾，以及同期《挪威医学协会杂志》上关于酒精问题的文章。
借助日益严格的规定，当局试图遏制所谓“威士忌医生”的行为。然而，事实证明，对他们处方权施加的限制和管控效果不佳，因为医生的权利已牢固确立。再加上立法基础存在缺陷，这阻碍了对大量开具处方的医生进行刑事起诉。滥用现象在1923年达到顶峰。直到1924年3月1日生效的《处方法案》颁布，当局才最终成功控制住处方药物的滥用现象。此后，凭处方销售烈酒的情况急剧下降。
烈酒处方逐渐失控，当局多次制定的管控措施证明并不充分。在挪威议会三次尝试后最终通过《处方法案》时，禁酒令实际上已时日无多。
