Domondon Andrew T
Waseda University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Building 51, Room 4-11B, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
Endeavour. 2013 Jun;37(2):94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2012.12.001. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
The problem of altruism refers to the apparent difficulty in reconciling the existence of altruists, individuals who reduce their own fitness to increase the fitness of others, with natural selection. A historical and philosophical overview of solutions to this apparent contradiction is presented through a close reading of the key texts of Charles Darwin, Warder C. Allee and Edward O. Wilson. Following an analysis of Darwin's explanation for altruism, I examine the ideas of group selection and kin selection advanced by Allee and Wilson, respectively, Attention is also given to the philosophical implications each associated with their respective solutions.
利他主义问题指的是，要使利他主义者（即那些降低自身适应性以提高他人适应性的个体）的存在与自然选择相协调，似乎存在困难。通过仔细研读查尔斯·达尔文、沃德·克莱德·阿利和爱德华·O·威尔逊的关键文本，对解决这一明显矛盾的方法进行了历史和哲学概述。在分析了达尔文对利他主义的解释之后，我分别考察了阿利和威尔逊提出的群体选择和亲属选择的观点，同时也关注了每种观点与其各自解决方案相关的哲学含义。
