Grupo de Biomecánica Humana y Deportiva, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Eur J Pediatr. 2013 May;172(5):645-52. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-1944-4. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
This study compared the foot morphology of Spanish schoolchildren based on their body mass index and age and analyzed whether body mass index affects the child's foot development at primary school. Cross-sectional study of 1,032 schoolchildren (497 boys and 535 girls), 6-12 years old. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index. Children were classified as obese, overweight, and normal-weight. Measurements of foot morphology were obtained with a three-dimensional feet digitizer in static standing. Significant differences were found between the feet of children with normal-weight and overweight (2.6 to 9.0 %) and among children with normal-weight and obese for all variables (3.9 to 17.3 %). Differences in width, ball height, and arch height (5.3 to 7.6 %) were only found among overweight and obese children. There were no changes in the foot morphology of children between 6 and 7 years and between 10 and 12 years. Obese children showed more gradual changes in the foot measurements. The average percentage increase by year in children with normal-weight and obese were similar (3.6 and 3.4 %, respectively); however, morphological measurements of the foot of overweight children increased at a faster rate (4.0 %).
Excess weight affects the foot structure of children. The differences between age groups seem to indicate that the feet of children with overweight and obesity follow a different growth pattern than that of normal-weight children. With these results, the shoe manufacturers can design shoes for children depending on their age and weight.
本研究比较了基于体质指数和年龄的西班牙学童的足部形态，并分析了体质指数是否会影响小学生的足部发育。对 1032 名 6-12 岁的学童（497 名男孩和 535 名女孩）进行了横断面研究。测量身高和体重以计算体质指数。将儿童分为肥胖、超重和正常体重。使用三维足部数字化仪在静态站立时测量足部形态。正常体重和超重儿童（2.6 至 9.0%）以及正常体重和肥胖儿童（所有变量 3.9 至 17.3%）之间的足部存在显著差异。仅在超重和肥胖儿童中发现了宽度、球高和足弓高度（5.3 至 7.6%）的差异。6 至 7 岁和 10 至 12 岁之间儿童的足部形态没有变化。肥胖儿童的足部测量值变化更缓慢。正常体重和肥胖儿童的平均年增长率相似（分别为 3.6%和 3.4%）；然而，超重儿童的足部形态测量值增长速度更快（4.0%）。
超重会影响儿童的足部结构。年龄组之间的差异似乎表明，超重和肥胖儿童的足部生长模式与正常体重儿童不同。有了这些结果，制鞋商可以根据儿童的年龄和体重为他们设计鞋子。
