Health Services Research, Epidemiology and International Health, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
Obes Rev. 2010 May;11(5):389-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00639.x. Epub 2009 Jul 10.
The objective of this study was to synthesize available information on prevalence and time trends of overweight and obesity in pre-school children in the European Union. Retrieval and analysis or re-analysis of existing data were carried out. Data sources include WHO databases, Medline and Google, contact with authors of published and unpublished documents. Data were analysed using the International Obesity Task Force reference and cut-offs, and the WHO standard. Data were available from 18/27 countries. Comparisons were problematic because of different definitions and methods of data collection and analysis. The reported prevalence of overweight plus obesity at 4 years ranges from 11.8% in Romania (2004) to 32.3% in Spain (1998-2000). Countries in the Mediterranean region and the British islands report higher rates than those in middle, northern and eastern Europe. Rates are generally higher in girls than in boys. With the possible exception of England, there was no obvious trend towards increasing prevalence in the past 20-30 years in the five countries with data. The use of the WHO standard with cut-offs at 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations yields lower rates and removes gender differences. Data on overweight and obesity in pre-school children are scarce; their interpretation is difficult. Standard methods of surveillance, and research and policies on prevention and treatment, are urgently needed.
本研究旨在综合欧洲学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的流行率和时间趋势的现有信息。进行了检索和分析或重新分析现有数据。数据来源包括世界卫生组织数据库、Medline 和 Google，以及与已发表和未发表文件作者的联系。使用国际肥胖工作组参考标准和切点以及世界卫生组织标准进行数据分析。数据来自 18/27 个国家。由于数据收集和分析的定义和方法不同，因此比较存在问题。报告的 4 岁儿童超重加肥胖流行率从罗马尼亚的 11.8%（2004 年）到西班牙的 32.3%（1998-2000 年）不等。地中海地区和不列颠群岛的国家报告的比率高于中欧、北欧和东欧。一般来说，女孩的比率高于男孩。在有数据的五个国家中，过去 20-30 年，除了英格兰，超重和肥胖的流行率似乎没有明显的上升趋势。使用世卫组织标准，其 1、2 和 3 个标准差切点的截断值得出的比率较低，并且消除了性别差异。学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的数据稀缺；对其进行解释具有一定难度。迫切需要制定监测、预防和治疗的标准方法、研究和政策。
