Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Immunology & Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Feb;138(1):1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10549-013-2410-8. Epub 2013 Jan 23.
Immunologic interventions in a subset of breast cancer patients represent a well-established therapeutic approach reflecting individualized treatment modalities. Thus, the therapeutic administration of monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA), such as Her-2/neu, represents a milestone in cancer treatment. However, passive antibody administration suffers from several drawbacks, including frequency and long duration of treatment. These undesirables may be avoidable in an approach based on generating active immune responses against these same targets. Only recently has the significance of tumors in relation to their microenvironments been understood as essential for creating an effective cancer vaccine. In particular, the immune system plays an important role in suppressing or promoting tumor formation and growth. Therefore, activation of appropriate triggers (such as induction of Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and suppression of regulatory cells in combination with generation of antibodies with anti-tumor activity) is a desirable goal. Current vaccination approaches have concentrated on therapeutic vaccines using certain TAA. Many cancer antigens, including breast cancer antigens, have been described and also given priority ranking for use as vaccine antigens by the US National Cancer Institute. One of the TAA antigens which has been thoroughly examined in numerous trials is Her-2/neu. This review will discuss delivery systems for this antigen with special focus on T and B cell peptide vaccines. Attention will be given to their advantages and limitations, as well as the use of certain adjuvants to improve anti-cancer responses.
免疫干预在乳腺癌患者亚组中代表了一种成熟的治疗方法，反映了个体化的治疗模式。因此，针对肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）的单克隆抗体的治疗性给药，如 Her-2/neu，代表了癌症治疗的一个里程碑。然而，被动抗体给药存在几个缺点，包括治疗的频率和持续时间长。这些缺点在基于针对这些相同靶标产生主动免疫反应的方法中是可以避免的。直到最近，人们才认识到肿瘤与其微环境之间的关系对于创建有效的癌症疫苗至关重要。特别是，免疫系统在抑制或促进肿瘤形成和生长方面起着重要作用。因此，激活适当的触发因素（如诱导 Th1 细胞、CD8+T 细胞和抑制调节性细胞，同时产生具有抗肿瘤活性的抗体）是一个理想的目标。目前的疫苗接种方法集中在使用某些 TAA 的治疗性疫苗上。许多癌症抗原，包括乳腺癌抗原，已经被描述，并被美国国立癌症研究所优先列为疫苗抗原。在众多试验中，已经对 Her-2/neu 这一 TAA 抗原进行了彻底的研究。这篇综述将讨论该抗原的递呈系统，特别关注 T 细胞和 B 细胞肽疫苗。将关注它们的优缺点，以及使用某些佐剂来提高抗癌反应。
