Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, HoChiMinh City, Vietnam.
Public Health. 2013 Feb;127(2):109-18. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.11.012. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
To investigate the use of tobacco in Vietnam.
Review study.
Data were collected through a review of tobacco-related literature in Vietnam. Grey literature and web content from agencies such as the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were consulted.
Tobacco smoking is still common in Vietnam, although numerous policies have been issued and implemented over the last two decades. Based on the most recent data (2010), the prevalence of smoking among adults aged >15 years was 23.8%, with a higher percentage among males (47.4%) than females (1.4%). The prevalence of smoking among students aged 13-15 was 3.8% (2007), with a similar gender pattern. The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke is of concern, with 73.1% and 55.9% of adults reporting exposure to secondhand smoke at home and at work or other places, respectively. Of the adult respondents, 55.5% believed that smoking may cause lung cancer, stroke and heart disease. Most students (93.4%) and adults (91.6%) had seen anti-smoking media messages. Of the students, 56.4% had seen pro-cigarette advertisements on billboards, 36.9% had seen pro-cigarette advertisements in newspapers or magazines, and 8.2% had been offered free cigarettes by tobacco company representatives. The price of cigarettes decreased by approximately 5% between 1995 and 2006, whereas gross domestic product per capita increased by more than 150%. On average, smokers smoked 13.5 cigarettes per day, and spent US$86 on cigarettes per year. Despite such high levels of tobacco exposure in Vietnam, the total tax on cigarettes remains at 45% of the retail price. Furthermore, only 29.7% of smokers had been advised to quit by a healthcare provider in the past 12 months.
Strong enforcement and evidence-based regulations which rounded on MPOWER are needed to help protect current smokers and non-smokers from the devastating effects of tobacco.
调查越南的烟草使用情况。
综述研究。
通过对越南与烟草相关的文献进行综述收集数据。查阅了世界卫生组织和美国疾病控制与预防中心等机构的灰色文献和网络内容。
尽管过去二十年来发布并实施了多项政策，但越南仍普遍存在吸烟现象。根据最新数据（2010 年），15 岁以上成年人的吸烟率为 23.8%，男性（47.4%）高于女性（1.4%）。13-15 岁学生的吸烟率为 3.8%（2007 年），性别模式相似。接触二手烟的情况令人担忧，分别有 73.1%和 55.9%的成年人在家中和工作或其他场所接触二手烟。在成年受访者中，有 55.5%的人认为吸烟可能导致肺癌、中风和心脏病。大多数学生（93.4%）和成年人（91.6%）都看到过反吸烟媒体信息。在学生中，56.4%的人在广告牌上看到过支持香烟的广告，36.9%的人在报纸或杂志上看到过支持香烟的广告，8.2%的人曾收到烟草公司代表提供的免费香烟。1995 年至 2006 年间，香烟价格下降了约 5%，而人均国内生产总值增长了 150%以上。吸烟者平均每天吸烟 13.5 支，每年在香烟上花费 86 美元。尽管越南的烟草暴露水平如此之高，但香烟的总税收仍保持在零售价的 45%。此外，在过去 12 个月内，只有 29.7%的吸烟者曾被医疗保健提供者建议戒烟。
需要强有力的执法和基于证据的法规来支持 MPOWER，以帮助保护当前吸烟者和不吸烟者免受烟草的破坏性影响。
