Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Demography. 2013 Aug;50(4):1303-14. doi: 10.1007/s13524-012-0187-8.
Despite many changing demographic processes in Mexico-declining adult mortality, rising divorce, and rising nonmarital fertility-Mexican children's family structure has been most affected by rising migration rates. Data from five national surveys spanning three decades demonstrate that since 1976, migration has shifted from the least common to the most common form of father household absence. Presently, more than 1 in 5 children experience a father's migration by age 15; 1 in 11 experiences his departure to the United States. The proportions are significantly higher among those children born in rural communities and those born to less-educated mothers. The findings emphasize the importance of framing migration as a family process with implications for children's living arrangements and attendant well-being, particularly in resource-constrained countries. The stability of children's family life in these regions constitutes a substantial but poorly measured cost of worldwide increases in migration.
尽管墨西哥经历了许多人口结构变化过程——成人死亡率下降、离婚率上升和非婚生育率上升——但移民率的上升对墨西哥儿童的家庭结构影响最大。跨越三十年的五次全国性调查的数据表明，自 1976 年以来，移民已从最不常见的父亲不在家形式转变为最常见的形式。目前，超过 1/5 的儿童在 15 岁前经历了父亲的移民；1/11 的儿童经历了父亲前往美国。在那些出生在农村社区和受教育程度较低的母亲的孩子中，这一比例要高得多。这些发现强调了将移民作为一个家庭过程来加以考虑的重要性，因为这对儿童的生活安排和相关的幸福感有影响，尤其是在资源有限的国家。这些地区儿童家庭生活的稳定性是全球移民增加所带来的一个巨大但衡量不足的代价。
