Physical Education Department, Faculty of Physical Education in Biala Podlaska, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012 Sep-Oct;21(5):645-52.
An increased loss of bone density during the first years after menopause induces osteoporosis.
The aim of the research presented in this paper was to ascertain the difference in the rate of involutional changes in bone tissue in former athletes and in non-athletes of the same age.
The research involved 18 former swimmers and 18 females of similar age who had never practiced sports. The subjects were subdivided into two subgroups: Subgroup I had been post-menopausal for < or = 5 years, and Subgroup II for > 5 years; this was done to assess bone mineral content relative to the length of the postmenopausal time period. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in lumbar vertebrae by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone strength was measured in the heel using the bone stiffness index. Each subject was examined twice, with a one-year period in between. A diagnostic questionnaire was used to compile date on the subjects' physical activity and their gonad functioning. Dietary habits (calcium intake) were established by three interviews and the Dieta 4.0 computer program. Results. Anthropometric features did not differentiate the subjects in the subgroups. Former athletes in both subgroups spent off-work time on physical activities significantly more frequently. In both groups, calcium intake was sufficient and did not exceed 3/4 of the daily norm. A higher calcium intake was found in former athletes compared to non-athletes. The subjects in Subgroup I had significantly greater BMC and BMD than those in Subgroup II. In Subgroup I, the second examination showed somewhat lower reductions in BMC and BMD among the former athletes than among the non-athletes. In Subgroup II, BMC and BMD increased somewhat among the former athletes, while non-significant reductions were observed in the BMC and BMD of the non-athletes. All the subjects undertook pharmacologic treatment after the first examination, which caused improvement of bone parameters in the second examination.
The rate of bone mass loss in former athletes proved to be consistent with the involutional process and similar to that of non-athletes. The reduced BMD in the lumbar vertebrae of 22% of the women in the study demonstrates the need for regular densitometric examinations in postmenopausal females.
绝经后最初几年骨密度的大量流失会导致骨质疏松。
本研究旨在确定同龄的前运动员和非运动员的骨组织退行性变化速度差异。
研究涉及 18 名前游泳运动员和 18 名年龄相仿的女性，她们从未进行过运动。受试者被分为两组：亚组 I 绝经<或=5 年，亚组 II 绝经>5 年；这是为了评估与绝经时间长度相关的骨矿物质含量。使用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量腰椎的骨矿物质含量（BMC）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。使用骨刚度指数测量脚跟处的骨强度。每个受试者接受两次检查，间隔一年。使用诊断问卷收集受试者的身体活动和性腺功能数据。通过三次访谈和 Dieta 4.0 计算机程序确定饮食习惯（钙摄入量）。结果：亚组间的人体测量特征无差异。两组前运动员在工作之余都更频繁地进行体育活动。两组的钙摄入量都充足，未超过每日标准的 3/4。前运动员的钙摄入量高于非运动员。亚组 I 中的受试者的 BMC 和 BMD 明显高于亚组 II。在亚组 I 中，第二次检查显示前运动员的 BMC 和 BMD 减少幅度略低于非运动员。在亚组 II 中，前运动员的 BMC 和 BMD 略有增加，而非运动员的 BMC 和 BMD 减少幅度不明显。所有受试者在第一次检查后都接受了药物治疗，这导致第二次检查时骨参数有所改善。
前运动员的骨量流失速度与退行性过程一致，与非运动员相似。研究中 22%的女性腰椎骨密度降低，这表明绝经后女性需要定期进行骨密度检查。
