Meloro Carlo, Elton Sarah
Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Folia Primatol (Basel). 2012;83(3-6):216-35. doi: 10.1159/000343494. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
In this article we briefly review primate interactions with predators throughout their evolutionary history. Like today, predators of past primates were taxonomically diverse, including crocodilians, aquatic mammals, hyaenids, raptors and other primates. There is strong evidence for felid predation of extinct primates, with most work undertaken on the African Plio-Pleistocene fossil record. Felid predation of Plio-Pleistocene primates from other areas, including Europe, is much less well understood, so we explored co-occurrence and potential interaction between carnivorans (with particular reference to felids) and Macaca sylvanus, which was widespread and present in Europe from the late Miocene to the late Pleistocene. Over its tenure in the fossil record, M. sylvanus co-occurred with a diverse array of carnivorans, including canids and hyaenids, but medium-sized felids probably posed the most significant predation risk. It is likely, however, that human predation was a major factor contributing to macaque extinction in Europe.
在本文中，我们简要回顾了灵长类动物在其整个进化历史中与捕食者的相互作用。与现在一样，过去灵长类动物的捕食者在分类学上多种多样，包括鳄鱼、水生哺乳动物、鬣狗科动物、猛禽和其他灵长类动物。有强有力的证据表明已灭绝的灵长类动物遭受猫科动物的捕食，大多数研究工作是基于非洲上新世-更新世化石记录展开的。对于包括欧洲在内的其他地区上新世-更新世灵长类动物遭受猫科动物捕食的情况，我们了解得要少得多，因此我们探究了食肉动物（特别是猫科动物）与地中海猕猴之间的共生关系及潜在相互作用，地中海猕猴从中新世晚期到更新世晚期在欧洲广泛分布且数量众多。在地中海猕猴留存于化石记录的时期内，它与各种各样的食肉动物共生，包括犬科动物和鬣狗科动物，但中型猫科动物可能构成了最大的捕食风险。然而，人类的捕食很可能是导致欧洲猕猴灭绝的一个主要因素。
