Patricia K. Weinstein, PhD, ARNP, NP-C, CNE Adjunct Faculty, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Ali Amirkhosravi, PhD Principal Scientist, Florida Hospital Center for Thrombosis Research, Orlando. Theodore J. Angelopoulos, PhD, MPH Professor, College of Health and Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Angeline Bushy, PhD, RN, FAAN, PHCNS-BC Bert Fish Eminent Scholar Endowed Chair, Professor, and Coordinator, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Daytona. Maureen M. Covelli, PhD, RN Associate Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Karen E. Dennis, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014 Mar-Apr;29(2):130-9. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e31827f0d53.
Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a 7- to 10-fold increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with non-SLE controls, yet many are unaware of this risk despite years spent in the healthcare system. It is not clear why they lack awareness of increased CVD risk or which factors influence awareness.
The purpose of this study was to assess in women with SLE their perceived CVD risk, the association between clinically identified and perceived CVD risk factors, and factors that influenced CVD risk awareness and adoption of risk-reducing behaviors.
Questionnaires, face-to-face meetings, and clinical assessments were used to collect data on demographics, perceived CVD risk, perceived CVD risk factors, actual CVD risk factors, risk-reducing behaviors, and healthcare provider counseling from 60 women with SLE. Regression analyses identified factors that influenced risk awareness and adoption of risk-reducing behaviors.
Two-thirds of the participants perceived themselves at increased CVD risk when compared with women without SLE, but the same number did not perceive an increase in their absolute CVD risk. Age was a significant predictor (P = .05) for awareness of increased absolute risk; younger age correlated with increased awareness. Most women received information about heart disease from public media. On average, participants had 4 CVD risk factors but perceived that they had only 2. Age (P = .001) and the number of perceived risk factors (P = .004) predicted adoption of risk-reducing behaviors (P = .03).
Participants underestimated their CVD risk factors and did not personalize their increased CVD risk. Healthcare providers' identification and discussion of CVD risk factors in women with SLE may enhance their CVD risk awareness and the adoption of risk-reducing behaviors.
与非系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）对照相比，患有系统性红斑狼疮的女性患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险增加了 7 至 10 倍，尽管她们在医疗保健系统中度过了多年，但许多人仍然没有意识到这种风险。目前尚不清楚为什么她们没有意识到 CVD 风险增加，或者哪些因素影响了风险意识。
本研究旨在评估 SLE 女性患者对 CVD 风险的认知，评估临床确定的和感知的 CVD 危险因素之间的关系，以及影响 CVD 风险意识和采取降低风险行为的因素。
使用问卷、面对面会议和临床评估从 60 名 SLE 女性患者中收集人口统计学资料、感知 CVD 风险、感知 CVD 危险因素、实际 CVD 危险因素、降低风险行为以及医疗保健提供者咨询情况。回归分析确定了影响风险意识和采取降低风险行为的因素。
三分之二的参与者认为自己患 CVD 的风险增加了，而与没有 SLE 的女性相比，同样数量的人没有意识到自己的绝对 CVD 风险增加了。年龄是意识增强的显著预测因素（P=0.05）；年龄越小，意识越强。大多数女性从大众媒体获取有关心脏病的信息。平均而言，参与者有 4 个 CVD 危险因素，但仅认为有 2 个。年龄（P=0.001）和感知到的危险因素数量（P=0.004）预测了降低风险行为的采用（P=0.03）。
参与者低估了自己的 CVD 危险因素，并且没有将自己的 CVD 风险个性化。医疗保健提供者在 SLE 女性中识别和讨论 CVD 危险因素可能会增强她们对 CVD 风险的意识，并采取降低风险的行为。
