Alwan Heba, William Julita, Viswanathan Bharahti, Paccaud Fred, Bovet Pascal
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009 Oct;16(5):556-61. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e32832d194d.
Current guidelines recommend treating patients according to their absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined perception of CVD risk among adults and how it can be compared with actual CVD risk.
The perception of CVD risk was assessed by two questions asking about participants' 'risk to get a heart attack or a stroke over the next 10 years' using semiquantitative and quantitative answers in a population-based survey of 816 individuals aged 40-64 years in the Seychelles (African region). Actual CVD risk was calculated using a standard risk prediction score and 24% of adults aged 40-64 years had elevated risk.
Only 59% of individuals could give an estimate of perceived CVD risk based on the semiquantitative question and 31% based on the quantitative question. Reporting a perceived CVD risk was strongly associated with high socio-economic status (SES; odds ratio = 9). Among individuals who reported a perceived CVD risk, 48% overestimated their perceived risk versus their actual risk. Reporting a high perceived CVD risk was associated with treatment for CVD risk factors, older age, low SES, and overweight. Reporting a low perceived CVD risk was associated with male sex, younger age, education, normal BMI, and leisure time exercise.
Only half of the individuals could provide an estimate of their perceived CVD risk, and this perception was strongly associated with SES. Individuals under treatment perceived higher CVD risk than nontreated individuals. Further studies should determine how risk-related information can be better conveyed to individuals as a means to improve adherence to healthy lifestyles and/or treatment.
当前指南建议根据患者的绝对心血管疾病（CVD）风险进行治疗。我们研究了成年人对CVD风险的认知情况，以及如何将其与实际CVD风险进行比较。
在塞舌尔（非洲地区）对816名40 - 64岁个体进行的基于人群的调查中，通过两个问题评估对CVD风险的认知，这两个问题询问参与者“未来10年患心脏病或中风的风险”，采用半定量和定量回答。使用标准风险预测评分计算实际CVD风险，40 - 64岁成年人中有24%的风险升高。
只有59%的个体能够根据半定量问题给出对CVD风险的估计，31%的个体能够根据定量问题给出估计。报告有CVD风险认知与高社会经济地位（SES；优势比 = 9）密切相关。在报告有CVD风险认知的个体中，48%对其感知风险的估计高于实际风险。报告有高CVD风险认知与CVD风险因素的治疗、年龄较大、SES较低和超重有关。报告有低CVD风险认知与男性、年龄较小、教育程度、正常BMI和休闲时间锻炼有关。
只有一半的个体能够对其感知的CVD风险进行估计，且这种认知与SES密切相关。接受治疗的个体比未接受治疗的个体感知到更高的CVD风险。进一步的研究应确定如何更好地向个体传达与风险相关的信息，以提高对健康生活方式和/或治疗的依从性。
