Eibach Regina, Bothe Friederike, Runge Martin, Ganter Martin
Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik der Stiftung Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2013 Jan-Feb;126(1-2):3-9.
The purpose of this study was to pursue the development of a sheep flock for a period of 18 months after a Q fever outbreak. In a flock with approximately 250 ewes losses of 18% were caused by abortions and weak offspring. Q fever was diagnosed in April 2009 after detection of Coxiella (C.) burnetii in one placenta and two aborted fetuses by PCR. Shortly afterwards Q fever was diagnosed in humans. Between July 2009 and December 2010 the sheep were sampled regularly. Six weeks before lambing the flock was initially immunised with Coxevac. Moreover, pregnant ewes were treated with oxytetracyclines during late gestation until lambing. Seroprevalence increased from 39% before vaccination up to 98% afterwards. After these measures bacteraemia and shedding of C burnetii decreased significantly, indicating that during an acute outbreak the vaccination with Coxevac can reduce the shedding of C burnetii effectively, although vaccination is performed without medical approval for sheep and in late pregnancy. Both measures should be taken into consideration in acute Q fever outbreaks to reduce or even avoid transmission to humans.
本研究的目的是在Q热爆发后的18个月内追踪一群绵羊的发展情况。在一个约有250只母羊的羊群中，18%的损失是由流产和弱仔造成的。2009年4月，通过PCR在一个胎盘和两个流产胎儿中检测到伯氏考克斯体（C. burnetii）后，确诊为Q热。此后不久，人类也被诊断出感染了Q热。2009年7月至2010年12月期间，定期对绵羊进行采样。产羔前六周，该羊群最初用Coxevac疫苗进行免疫。此外，怀孕母羊在妊娠后期直至产羔期间用土霉素进行治疗。血清阳性率从接种疫苗前的39%上升到接种后的98%。采取这些措施后，伯氏考克斯体的菌血症和排泄物显著减少，这表明在急性疫情爆发期间，尽管在未经兽医批准且在妊娠后期进行接种，但使用Coxevac疫苗仍可有效减少伯氏考克斯体的排泄物。在急性Q热疫情爆发时，应考虑采取这两种措施，以减少甚至避免传染给人类。
