Dong Yuan
Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Dec;86(6 Pt 1):062101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.062101. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
The fluxes in transport processes expressed as a time derivative of state variables is a crucial requirement in Onsager's proof of his reciprocal relations, which is a much debated question existing in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Thermomass theory is used to show that the linear decay of the fluctuation is a balance between the inertial forces and resistant force. Therefore, products of the drift velocities and relaxation times, namely, the displacements from equilibrium, can be used as the state variables, whose time derivatives give the transport fluxes. The Onsager reciprocal relations can be macroscopically derived from the principle that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, applicable in steady nonequilibrium systems and nonlinear couplings.
以状态变量的时间导数表示的输运过程中的通量，是昂萨格互易关系证明中的一个关键要求，这是存在于非平衡态热力学中的一个备受争议的问题。热质量理论用于表明涨落的线性衰减是惯性力和阻力之间的平衡。因此，漂移速度和弛豫时间的乘积，即偏离平衡的位移，可以用作状态变量，其时间导数给出输运通量。昂萨格互易关系可以从每个作用都有一个大小相等、方向相反的反作用这一原理宏观推导出来，该原理适用于稳定的非平衡系统和非线性耦合。
