Peliowski Abraham
Paediatr Child Health. 2012 Feb;17(2):95-100. doi: 10.1093/pch/17.2.95.
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a pulmonary vasodilator that plays a major role in regulating vascular muscle tone. It has emerged as a treatment for hypoxemic respiratory failure in newly born infants that is associated with persistent high pulmonary vascular pressure and resultant right-to-left shunting of blood (persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn). Current evidence shows that iNO improves oxygenation and decreases the combined outcome of death or need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants ≥35 weeks' gestational age at birth. Its role in managing preterm infants <35 weeks' gestational age is not yet established. iNO is safe when administered in tertiary care settings using strict protocols and monitoring. The recommended starting dose is 20 ppm with gradual reduction of the dose following improvement in oxygenation.
吸入一氧化氮（iNO）是一种肺血管扩张剂，在调节血管肌肉张力方面起主要作用。它已成为治疗新生儿低氧性呼吸衰竭的一种方法，这种呼吸衰竭与持续的高肺血管压力及由此导致的血液右向左分流（新生儿持续性肺动脉高压）有关。目前的证据表明，iNO可改善氧合，并降低出生时胎龄≥35周婴儿的死亡或体外膜肺氧合需求的综合结局。其在管理胎龄<35周的早产儿中的作用尚未确立。在三级医疗环境中按照严格的方案和监测进行给药时，iNO是安全的。推荐的起始剂量为20 ppm，在氧合改善后逐渐降低剂量。
