Tariq Mohammad, Iqbal Zeenat, Ali Javed, Baboota Sanjula, Talegaonkar Sushama, Ahmad Zulfiqar, Sahni Jasjeet K
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India.
Int J Pharm Investig. 2012 Jul;2(3):106-22. doi: 10.4103/2230-973X.104394.
Periodontitis is the most common localized dental inflammatory disease related with several pathological conditions like inflammation of gums (gingivitis), degeneration of periodontal ligament, dental cementum and alveolar bone loss. In this perspective, the various preventive and treatment modalities, including oral hygiene, gingival irrigations, mechanical instrumentation, full mouth disinfection, host modulation and antimicrobial therapy, which are used either as adjunctive treatments or as stand-alone therapies in the non-surgical management of periodontal infections, have been discussed. Intra-pocket, sustained release systems have emerged as a novel paradigm for the future research. In this article, special consideration is given to different locally delivered anti-microbial and anti inflammatory medications which are either commercially available or are currently under consideration for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The various in vitro dissolution models and microbiological strain investigated to impersonate the infected and inflamed periodontal cavity and to predict the in vivo performance of treatment modalities have also been thrashed out. Animal models that have been employed to explore the pathology at the different stages of periodontitis and to evaluate its treatment modalities are enlightened in this proposed review.
牙周炎是最常见的局部性牙齿炎症性疾病，与多种病理状况相关，如牙龈炎症（牙龈炎）、牙周韧带退化、牙骨质病变以及牙槽骨丧失。从这个角度来看，本文讨论了各种预防和治疗方法，包括口腔卫生、牙龈冲洗、机械清创、全口消毒、宿主调节和抗菌治疗，这些方法在牙周感染的非手术治疗中既可以作为辅助治疗，也可以作为独立治疗方法。袋内缓释系统已成为未来研究的一种新范例。在本文中，特别关注了不同的局部递送抗菌和抗炎药物，这些药物要么已上市，要么目前正在等待美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准。为模拟感染和发炎的牙周腔以及预测治疗方法的体内性能而研究的各种体外溶出模型和微生物菌株也进行了讨论。本综述还介绍了用于探索牙周炎不同阶段的病理学并评估其治疗方法的动物模型。
