Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Jun 1;130(1-3):201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.009. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
Numerous studies have documented an association between mental disorders and onset of cigarette smoking. Yet, there is little understanding of the potential impact of mental disorders on trajectories of smoking over time. The objective of this study was to investigate this relationship among adolescents over a 10-year span.
Data were drawn from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study, a 10-year prospective investigation of youth in Germany. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify smoking trajectories and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships between mental disorders and subsequent trajectories.
Four trajectories were identified: non-users; increasing use; decreasing use; persistent use. Alcohol/drug use disorders, stress disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorder and nicotine dependence were associated with nicotine use (as compared to the non-smoker class). However, comparisons between trajectories of nicotine use showed that any stress disorder predicted only decreasing use compared to the other two trajectories; nicotine dependence, alcohol/illicit drug use disorders as well as panic disorder and somatoform disorders were inversely associated with increasing use; nicotine dependence and alcohol/drug use disorders were associated with persistent use.
Several mental disorders appear to be non-specific markers of the range of smoking trajectories while others predict specific trajectories. Numerous disorders (e.g., alcohol/drug use disorders) do not appear to occur only prior to and predict increased smoking trajectory as had been previously suggested, but rather they also occur concurrently, with high levels of smoking and in some cases smoking persists at a steady level over time.
许多研究都记录了精神障碍与吸烟开始之间的关联。然而，对于精神障碍对随时间推移的吸烟轨迹的潜在影响，人们知之甚少。本研究的目的是在 10 年的时间跨度内研究青少年中的这种关系。
数据来自于精神病理学早期发展阶段研究，这是一项对德国青少年进行的为期 10 年的前瞻性研究。使用增长混合物模型来确定吸烟轨迹，并使用逻辑回归分析来检查精神障碍与随后的轨迹之间的关系。
确定了四种吸烟轨迹：非使用者；使用量增加；使用量减少；持续使用。与非吸烟者相比，酒精/药物使用障碍、应激障碍、焦虑障碍、躯体形式障碍和尼古丁依赖与尼古丁使用有关。然而，对尼古丁使用轨迹的比较表明，任何应激障碍仅预测与其他两种轨迹相比，使用量减少；尼古丁依赖、酒精/非法药物使用障碍以及恐慌症和躯体形式障碍与使用量增加呈负相关；尼古丁依赖和酒精/药物使用障碍与持续使用有关。
几种精神障碍似乎是非吸烟轨迹范围的非特异性标志物，而其他标志物则预测特定的轨迹。许多疾病（例如酒精/药物使用障碍）似乎并非仅在之前出现并预测吸烟轨迹增加，而是也同时发生，吸烟水平较高，并且在某些情况下，吸烟在一段时间内保持稳定水平。
