Goodwin Renee D, Wall Melanie M, Choo Tse, Galea Sandro, Horowitz Jonathan, Nomura Yoko, Zvolensky Michael J, Hasin Deborah S
Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY); Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY.
Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Jul;24(7):493-7. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.014. Epub 2014 Apr 28.
The present study investigated whether the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders has increased over time among current smokers and whether these trends differ by gender and in comparison with nonsmokers.
Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (1990) and the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (2001), representative samples of the US adult population. Binomial regression analyses were used to determine differences between mood and anxiety disorders among current smokers in 1990 and 2001 and whether these differed by gender and in comparison with those who were former or never current smokers.
Any anxiety disorder, panic attacks, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and dysthymia were all significantly more common among current smokers in 2001 compared with 1990 and except for social anxiety disorder these increases were significantly greater than any trend found in non-smokers. Increases in panic attacks, social anxiety disorder, and dysthymia were more pronounced in female than in male smokers. Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were not found to increase over time among smokers.
The prevalence of several anxiety disorders and dysthymia among current smokers appears to have increased from 1990 to 2001. Future studies are needed to determine whether these trends have continued. If so, interventions aimed at moving the prevalence lower may have limited success if treatment of mental health problems such as anxiety disorders and certain mood disorders are not considered in the development and dissemination of tobacco control programs.
本研究调查了当前吸烟者中情绪和焦虑障碍的患病率是否随时间增加，以及这些趋势在性别上是否存在差异，与非吸烟者相比情况如何。
数据取自全国共病调查（1990年）和全国共病调查重复研究（2001年），这是美国成年人口的代表性样本。采用二项回归分析来确定1990年和2001年当前吸烟者中情绪和焦虑障碍之间的差异，以及这些差异在性别上是否存在，与曾经吸烟或从不吸烟的人相比情况如何。
与1990年相比，2001年当前吸烟者中任何焦虑障碍、惊恐发作、惊恐障碍、社交焦虑障碍和恶劣心境都明显更为常见，除社交焦虑障碍外，这些增加幅度明显大于非吸烟者中发现的任何趋势。惊恐发作、社交焦虑障碍和恶劣心境在女性吸烟者中的增加比男性吸烟者更为明显。未发现吸烟者中重度抑郁症和广泛性焦虑障碍随时间增加。
从1990年到2001年，当前吸烟者中几种焦虑障碍和恶劣心境的患病率似乎有所增加。需要进一步研究来确定这些趋势是否持续。如果是这样，在烟草控制项目的制定和推广中，如果不考虑对焦虑障碍和某些情绪障碍等心理健康问题的治疗，旨在降低患病率的干预措施可能成效有限。
