Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
Chem Phys Lipids. 2013 Apr;169:9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.01.008. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
The signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is believed to interact specifically with membrane-bound globular proteins through a combination of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bond formation known as the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch. PA, which adjusts its protonation state according to the ambient pH, is able to regulate protein binding under physiological conditions in a pH-dependent manner. We investigate the question to what extent the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch contributes to the pH-sensitivity of protein binding. To this end, we propose a theoretical model for the adsorption of a basic protein on a zwitterionic membrane that contains phosphatidic acid as a minor component. Our model is based on an extended continuum Poisson-Boltzmann approach that accounts for zwitterionic lipids, the protonation/deprotonation equilibrium of PA, and the lateral mobility of the lipids in the membrane. The electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch enters as an additional non-electrostatic attractive interaction of deprotonated PA with basic protein residues. For a generic model protein we calculate the adsorption free energy and its pH-dependence. Our results suggest that the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch not only increases the affinity between PA and the protein but also its sensitivity with respect to changes in pH. That is, the electrostatic-hydrogen bond switch helps enabling the membrane to use physiological pH changes in order to trigger protein adsorption/desorption.
信号脂质磷脂酸 (PA) 被认为通过静电相互作用和氢键形成的组合与膜结合的球形蛋白特异性相互作用,这种组合被称为静电-氢键开关。PA 根据环境 pH 值调整其质子化状态,能够在生理条件下以 pH 依赖的方式调节蛋白结合。我们研究了静电-氢键开关在多大程度上有助于蛋白结合的 pH 敏感性。为此,我们提出了一个关于带正电荷的蛋白在含有少量磷脂酸的两性离子膜上吸附的理论模型。我们的模型基于扩展的连续体泊松-玻尔兹曼方法,该方法考虑了两性离子脂质、PA 的质子化/去质子化平衡以及膜中脂质的横向流动性。静电-氢键开关作为去质子化 PA 与带正电荷的蛋白残基之间的附加非静电吸引相互作用进入模型。对于一个通用的模型蛋白,我们计算了吸附自由能及其 pH 依赖性。我们的结果表明,静电-氢键开关不仅增加了 PA 与蛋白之间的亲和力,还增加了其对 pH 变化的敏感性。也就是说,静电-氢键开关有助于使膜能够利用生理 pH 变化来触发蛋白吸附/解吸。