Università degli Studi di Milano, Dip. Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Immunol Lett. 2013 Feb;150(1-2):12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
In the last decades, Staphylococcus aureus acquired a dramatic relevance in human and veterinary medicine for different reasons, one of them represented by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. However, antibiotic resistance is not the only weapon in the arsenal of S. aureus. Indeed, these bacteria have plenty of virulence factors, including a vast ability to evade host immune defenses. The innate immune system represents the first line of defense against invading pathogens. This system consists of three major effector mechanisms: antimicrobial peptides and enzymes, the complement system and phagocytes. In this review, we focused on S. aureus virulence factors involved in the immune evasion in the first phases of infection: TLR recognition avoidance, adhesins affecting immune response and resistance to host defenses peptides and polypeptides. Studies of innate immune defenses and their role against S. aureus are important in human and veterinary medicine given the problems related to S. aureus antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, due to the pathogen ability to manipulate the immune response, these data are needed to develop efficacious vaccines or molecules against S. aureus.
在过去的几十年中，金黄色葡萄球菌由于多种原因在人类和兽医医学中具有重要意义，其中之一是抗生素耐药菌株的流行率不断上升。然而，抗生素耐药性并不是金黄色葡萄球菌唯一的武器。事实上，这些细菌有许多毒力因子，包括逃避宿主免疫防御的巨大能力。先天免疫系统是抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线。该系统由三种主要的效应机制组成：抗菌肽和酶、补体系统和吞噬细胞。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注金黄色葡萄球菌感染早期阶段涉及免疫逃避的毒力因子：TLR 识别避免、影响免疫反应的黏附素以及对宿主防御肽和多肽的抗性。研究先天免疫防御及其在对抗金黄色葡萄球菌中的作用在人类和兽医医学中非常重要，因为这与金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的耐药性有关。此外，由于病原体能够操纵免疫反应，因此需要这些数据来开发针对金黄色葡萄球菌的有效疫苗或分子。
