Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013 May;16(3):328-38. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835e8d0b.
Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are still common worldwide and often occur at an early age, negatively affecting both physical and cognitive development. Even though specific effects of a variety of different micronutrients have been studied extensively, it is understood that a combination of multiple micronutrients may be more beneficial in most instances, as deficiencies usually do not occur in isolation. The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence of the effects of micronutrient interventions on growth, mental, and physical performance as well as morbidity in children.
For growth, cognitive or motor function, and morbidity, it appears that providing sufficient amounts of micronutrients especially to the most vulnerable and deficient groups of children can make a difference, but also that the intervention has to be planned carefully. However, findings are still variable, more particularly with reference to morbidity. Two reports of increased diagnoses of infection with micronutrient supplementation are also of concern.
There are still difficulties in coming to a universal conclusion about benefit in all populations, because reports vary in study design, population, and so on. Although micronutrients have a role in depleted groups, it is also important to not only consider the group of children targeted, but also the regime of administration.
多种微量营养素缺乏仍然在全球范围内普遍存在，且常发生于早期，对身体和认知发育均有负面影响。尽管已广泛研究了各种不同微量营养素的具体作用，但人们认识到在大多数情况下，多种微量营养素的组合可能更有益，因为缺乏通常不会孤立存在。本综述旨在总结最近有关微量营养素干预对儿童生长、精神和身体表现以及发病率影响的证据。
对于生长、认知或运动功能以及发病率，为最脆弱和缺乏微量营养素的儿童群体提供充足的微量营养素似乎可以产生影响，但干预措施也必须精心计划。然而，结果仍然存在差异，特别是在发病率方面。有两份关于补充微量营养素后感染诊断增加的报告也令人担忧。
由于报告在研究设计、人群等方面存在差异，因此对于所有人群都有益处的结论仍存在困难。虽然微量营养素在营养缺乏人群中具有作用，但不仅要考虑目标儿童群体，还要考虑管理方案。
