Castle M D, Christensen B M
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
J Wildl Dis. 1990 Apr;26(2):180-5. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-26.2.180.
Twenty-three of 310 blood samples taken from live-trapped eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) from Missouri (USA), and hunter-killed birds from Wisconsin, North Dakota and Minnesota (USA), and inoculated into domestic broad-breasted-white turkey poults were positive for two species of Plasmodium. Twenty-one of the positive samples were infected with P. (Novyella) kempi, and two samples from Wisconsin were infected with P. (Giovannolaia) lophurae. Twenty percent of 310 blood smears were positive for Haemoproteus melagridis, while only 3% were infected with Leucocytozoon smithi. A statistically higher prevalence of Plasmodium spp. from 1983 to 1984 was observed in Wisconsin, and in the samples from Minnesota when compared with both Missouri and Wisconsin. Turkeys from Wisconsin and Minnesota had both a statistically higher prevalence and mean intensity of H. meleagridis than birds from Missouri. Evidence indicates that P. kempi has been introduced into other states along with the vertebrate hosts. It is suggested that greater care should be exercised when translocated wild turkeys are introduced into areas where there are other endangered or threatened avian species.
从美国密苏里州野外捕获的东部野生火鸡（Meleagris gallopavo silvestris）以及美国威斯康星州、北达科他州和明尼苏达州猎人捕杀的鸟类身上采集的310份血液样本中，有23份接种到家养宽胸白羽火鸡幼雏后，检测出两种疟原虫呈阳性。其中21份阳性样本感染了肯氏疟原虫（诺维耶拉疟原虫），两份来自威斯康星州的样本感染了绿孔雀疟原虫（乔瓦诺莱疟原虫）。310份血涂片中有20%的样本疟原虫呈阳性，而感染史密斯白细胞原虫的样本仅占3%。与密苏里州和威斯康星州相比，1983年至1984年期间，威斯康星州以及明尼苏达州样本中的疟原虫感染率在统计学上更高。来自威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的火鸡，其疟原虫的感染率和平均感染强度在统计学上均高于密苏里州的鸟类。有证据表明，肯氏疟原虫已随脊椎动物宿主被引入其他州。建议在将易地野生火鸡引入存在其他濒危或受威胁鸟类物种的地区时，应格外谨慎。
