Perkins K A, Epstein L H, Stiller R L, Fernstrom M H, Sexton J E, Jacob R G
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1990 Mar;35(3):671-6. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(90)90306-3.
Nicotine's effects on reducing perception and/or hedonics of sweet and fat taste may lead to less intake of sweet tasting, high-fat foods by smokers, helping to explain their generally lower body weights. Smokers and nonsmokers (n = 10 males each) rated perception (intensity and sensitivity) and hedonics (liking) of sweet/fat taste in milk samples varying both in sucrose (0, 5, 10, 20% w/w) and fat (0.1, 3.5, 11.7, 37.6% w/w) concentration on two occasions, once following intermittent presentation of nicotine (15 micrograms/kg) via measured dose nasal spray and the other following placebo. Nicotine significantly reduced perceived intensity of fat but not sweet taste and had no effect on sensitivity to either taste. There was no effect of nicotine on hedonics of sweet/fat taste. On the other hand, although there were no differences between smokers and nonsmokers in perception of sweet or fat, hedonics of sweet/fat taste was reduced in smokers regardless of nicotine or placebo intake. Thus, nicotine may acutely decrease fat taste perception without influencing sweet/fat hedonics, while long-term exposure (i.e., being a smoker) may produce chronically decreased taste hedonics without altering perception.
尼古丁对降低甜味和脂肪味的感知及/或愉悦感的作用，可能导致吸烟者减少对甜味、高脂肪食物的摄入量，这有助于解释他们总体体重较低的原因。吸烟者和非吸烟者（各10名男性）对蔗糖（0、5、10、20% w/w）和脂肪（0.1、3.5、11.7、37.6% w/w）浓度不同的牛奶样本中的甜味/脂肪味的感知（强度和敏感度）及愉悦感（喜好程度）进行了两次评分，一次是在通过定量鼻喷雾剂间歇性给予尼古丁（15微克/千克）之后，另一次是在给予安慰剂之后。尼古丁显著降低了对脂肪味的感知强度，但对甜味没有影响，且对两种味道的敏感度均无作用。尼古丁对甜味/脂肪味的愉悦感没有影响。另一方面，虽然吸烟者和非吸烟者在对甜味或脂肪味的感知上没有差异，但无论摄入尼古丁还是安慰剂，吸烟者对甜味/脂肪味的愉悦感都会降低。因此，尼古丁可能会在不影响甜味/脂肪味愉悦感的情况下急性降低对脂肪味的感知，而长期接触（即成为吸烟者）可能会在不改变感知的情况下长期降低味觉愉悦感。
