Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18051 Rostock, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Apr;175:158-67. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Feb 5.
Within the Munich low emission zone (LEZ), samples of PM(2.5) were collected before (2006/2007) and after (2009/2010) the implementation of the LEZ. The samples were analyzed for carbon fraction (EC/OC) and particulate organic compounds (POC). Significant lower concentrations were noticed for elemental carbon (EC) and some of the POC like vanillic acid, acetosyringone, syringylacetone and syringic acid after the implementation of the LEZ. Higher concentrations of levoglucosan, retene and O-PAH were detected in the second sampling period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the main sources of POC. Emissions from traffic, solid fuels combustion, cooking and mixed source were separated. The contribution of traffic source factor was decreased about 60% after the implementation of the LEZ. Thus the average concentration of EC from traffic factor decreased from 1.1 to 0.5 μg/m(3) after the implementation of the LEZ.
在慕尼黑低排放区(LEZ)内,在实施 LEZ 之前(2006/2007 年)和之后(2009/2010 年)收集了 PM(2.5)的样本。对这些样本进行了碳组分(EC/OC)和颗粒有机物(POC)分析。实施 LEZ 后,元素碳(EC)和一些 POC(如香草酸、乙酰丁香酮、丁香基乙酮和丁香酸)的浓度显著降低。在第二个采样期,检测到左旋葡聚糖、菔烯和 O-PAH 的浓度更高。采用正矩阵因子分解(PMF)来确定 POC 的主要来源。分离了交通、固体燃料燃烧、烹饪和混合源的排放。实施 LEZ 后,交通源因子的贡献降低了约 60%。因此,实施 LEZ 后,交通源因子的 EC 平均浓度从 1.1μg/m(3)降至 0.5μg/m(3)。