Faria Marta V, Duarte Gonçalo O, Baptista Patrícia C, Farias Tiago L
LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 May;24(13):12026-12037. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5556-6. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Air quality in urban centers constitutes a challenge ahead for most cities. For this reason, the objective of this research work was to evaluate the impacts of changing traffic-related parameters on particulate matter (PM) concentration for several hierarchical street levels using real-world data for the city of Lisbon, Portugal. For that purpose, 2014 data regarding meteorological conditions, traffic volumes, typical vehicle speed, and a vehicle representative of the fleet was used in an air quality dispersion model (CALINE4). The available data allowed building a baseline case for several streets that are representative of the traffic circulation conditions in Lisbon, which was compared with different scenarios: hypothetical introduction of a cordon toll (S1.1 to S1.4) and the implementation of a low emission zone (S2.1 and 2.2). The results indicate that reductions on PM concentrations from 5 to 42 % may be obtained from the implementation of the scenarios. Overall, this study demonstrates that modeling tools based on real-world data can provide a good approach to study urban policies regarding traffic-related PM exposure. Additionally, implementation of such measures requires an integrated strategy that enables proper enforcement and monitoring, as well as an adequate management of traffic flows between the implementation boundaries.
城市中心的空气质量对大多数城市来说都是一项未来的挑战。因此，本研究工作的目的是利用葡萄牙里斯本市的实际数据，评估交通相关参数变化对几个不同层级街道水平的颗粒物（PM）浓度的影响。为此，在空气质量扩散模型（CALINE4）中使用了2014年的气象条件、交通流量、典型车速以及车队代表性车辆的数据。现有数据使得能够为代表里斯本交通流通状况的几条街道建立一个基准案例，并将其与不同情景进行比较：假设引入区域通行证（S1.1至S1.4）以及实施低排放区（S2.1和2.2）。结果表明，实施这些情景可使PM浓度降低5%至42%。总体而言，本研究表明基于实际数据的建模工具可为研究与交通相关的PM暴露的城市政策提供一个良好的方法。此外，实施此类措施需要一项综合战略，以实现适当的执法和监测，以及对实施边界之间的交通流量进行充分管理。
