Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen; Denmark.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Feb 1;12(1):17-25. doi: 10.2174/1871527311312010006.
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as well as the other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), e.g. anandamide, oleoylethanolamide, stearoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide, appear to exist in every mammalian cell at low levels, e.g. a few hundred pmol/g tissue for PEA. Their formation can be stimulated by cellular injury and inflammation. In the brain PEA and other NAEs may have neuroprotective functions. PEA levels in tissues seem hardly to be influenced by variation in intake of dietary fatty acids, except in the small intestine where dietary fat results in decreased levels of PEA and other NAEs. In rat small intestine, PEA, oleoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide have anorectic properties. Of other dietary components, only ethanol is known to influence tissue levels of PEA. Thus, an acute intoxicating dose of ethanol will decrease PEA levels in various areas in the brain of rats. The mechanism behind this effect is not known.
棕榈酰乙醇酰胺（PEA）以及其他 N-酰基乙醇胺（NAE），例如花生四烯酸乙醇酰胺、油酰乙醇酰胺、硬脂酰乙醇酰胺和亚油酰乙醇酰胺，似乎以低浓度存在于每一个哺乳动物细胞中，例如 PEA 在组织中的浓度为几百 pmol/g。它们的形成可以被细胞损伤和炎症刺激。在大脑中，PEA 和其他 NAE 可能具有神经保护功能。组织中 PEA 的水平似乎几乎不受膳食脂肪酸摄入变化的影响，除了在小肠中，膳食脂肪会导致 PEA 和其他 NAE 的水平降低。在大鼠的小肠中，PEA、油酰乙醇酰胺和亚油酰乙醇酰胺具有厌食作用。在其他膳食成分中，只有乙醇被认为会影响组织中 PEA 的水平。因此，急性醉酒剂量的乙醇会降低大鼠大脑中各个区域的 PEA 水平。这种效应的背后机制尚不清楚。
