Perioperative management difficulties in parathyroidectomy for primary versus secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND

In patients with hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy is the only curative therapy. Anaesthetic management differs function of etiology (primary vs. secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism) and surgical technique (minimally invasive or classic parathyroidectomy).

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate peri-operative management (focusing on hemodynamic changes, cardiac arrhythmias and patients' awakening quality) in parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism of various etiologies, in a tertiary center.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

292 patients who underwent surgery for hyperparathyroidism between 2000-2011 were retrospectively reviewed; 96 patients (19M/77F) presented with primary hyperparathyroidism (group A) and 196 (80M/116F) with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure (group B). Biochemical parameters (serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine) were determined by automated standard laboratory methods. Serum intact PTH was measured by ELISA (iPTH - normal range: 15-65 pg/mL).

OUTCOMES

Median surgery duration was 30 minutes in group A (minimally invasive or classic parathyroidectomy) and 75 minutes in group B (total parathyroidectomy and re implantation of a small parathyroid fragment into the sternocleidomastoid muscle). During anaesthesia induction, arterial hypotension developed significantly more frequent in group B (57 out of 196 pts, 29.1%) than in group A (8 out of 96 pts, 8.34%), p<0.0001, especially in patients receiving Fentanyl-Propofol. During surgery and anaesthesia maintenance, bradycardia was significantly more frequent in group A (67 out of 96 pts, 69.8%) than in group B (26 out of 196 pts, 13.3%), p<0.0001, especially during searching of parathyroid glands. By contrary, ventricular premature beats were less frequent in group A (25 out of 96 pts, 25.25%) than in group B (84 out of 196 pts, 42.85%), p=0.003. There were no statistically significant differences between the studied group regarding frequency of arterial hypertension and hypotension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

CONCLUSIONS

anaesthetic management in parathyroid surgery may be difficult because of cardiac arrhythmias (bradycardia in primary hyperparathyroidism and ventricular premature beats in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, respectively) and arterial hypotension during anaesthesia induction in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.