Picano J J
U.S. Army School of Medicine, Fort Rucker, Alabama.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990 Apr;61(4):356-60.
Although aircraft pilots are generally regarded as having superior stress-coping skills, there has been relatively little empirical research on how pilots cope with stress. New stress-coping models and measures for understanding and assessing these previously elusive processes greatly facilitate the empirical study of stress-coping styles. This study employed a new measure of stress-coping style, rationally developed from an integrative model of coping, to study stress-coping in U.S. Army pilots. Results indicated that the pilots preferred problem-focused stress-coping strategies oriented towards direct action to master stressful situations. Also, the pilots tended to deemphasize emotion-focused forms of coping with stress. Differences in stress-coping between pilots and samples of aircrewmen and non-rated military personnel suggest that this coping style reflects differences in psychological functioning independent from the pilots' adaptation to the aviation and military environment.
尽管飞机驾驶员通常被认为具备卓越的压力应对技能，但关于驾驶员如何应对压力的实证研究相对较少。新的压力应对模型以及用于理解和评估这些此前难以捉摸的过程的测量方法，极大地推动了对应激应对方式的实证研究。本研究采用了一种从综合应对模型合理推导出来的新的应激应对方式测量方法，来研究美国陆军飞行员的应激应对情况。结果表明，飞行员更倾向于采用以问题为导向的应激应对策略，这些策略旨在通过直接行动来掌控压力情境。此外，飞行员往往不太重视以情绪为导向的应激应对方式。飞行员与空勤人员及非授衔军事人员样本在应激应对方面的差异表明，这种应对方式反映了心理功能上的差异，而与飞行员对航空和军事环境的适应无关。
