Program in Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013 Apr;32(5):1117-23. doi: 10.1002/etc.2158. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
The use of engineered nanomaterials has increased dramatically in recent years, but an understanding of nanomaterial fate and effects in the environment is lacking. In particular, the interaction of nanomaterials with coexisting organic contaminants and the subsequent implications for sensitive biota is almost completely unknown. Here, the effect of C60 fullerenes on the accumulation of weathered dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE; DDT metabolite) by Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) and Eisenia fetida (earthworm) was determined under single and multispecies conditions. The plants, in the presence or absence of earthworms, were grown in soil containing weathered DDE (200 ng/g) and 0 or 1,670 mg/kg C60 fullerenes. Plants and earthworms were added either simultaneously or sequentially (earthworms after plants). Neither DDE nor C60 had an impact on survival or biomass of plants and earthworms, although fullerenes significantly decreased (29.6-39.0%) the relative root mass. Under single or multispecies conditions, C60 had little impact on DDE bioaccumulation by either species. The DDE concentrations in non-fullerene-exposed shoots, roots, and earthworms were 181, 7,400, and 8,230 ng/g, respectively. On fullerene exposure, the DDE content was nonsignificantly lower at 163, 7280, and 7540 ng/g, respectively. In the presence of the earthworms, C60 significantly decreased the shoot DDE content (28.6%), but no impact on root concentrations was observed. Root DDE content was unaffected by the presence of fullerenes and decreased by 21.6 to 37.5% during coexposure with earthworms. Earthworm DDE content was decreased by plant presence. Earthworms added to soils after plant harvest accumulated more DDE but were unaffected by the C60 exposure. Additional work is necessary, but these findings suggest that fullerenes may have minimal impact on the bioaccumulation of weathered cocontaminants in soil.
近年来，工程纳米材料的使用量急剧增加，但人们对纳米材料在环境中的归宿和效应了解甚少。特别是，纳米材料与共存的有机污染物的相互作用，以及对敏感生物区系的后续影响，几乎完全未知。在这里，研究了在单一和多物种条件下，C60 富勒烯对南瓜（Cucurbita pepo）和赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）积累风化二氯二苯二氯乙烷（p,p'-DDE；滴滴涕代谢物）的影响。在含有风化 DDE（200ng/g）和 0 或 1670mg/kg C60 富勒烯的土壤中，植物在有或没有蚯蚓的情况下生长。植物和蚯蚓要么同时添加，要么先后添加（植物后添加蚯蚓）。DDE 和 C60 都没有影响植物和蚯蚓的存活率或生物量，尽管富勒烯显著降低了相对根质量（29.6-39.0%）。在单一或多物种条件下，C60 对两种物种的 DDE 生物积累影响不大。未暴露于富勒烯的茎、根和蚯蚓中的 DDE 浓度分别为 181、7400 和 8230ng/g。暴露于富勒烯后，DDE 含量分别降低到 163、7280 和 7540ng/g，均无显著差异。在存在蚯蚓的情况下，C60 显著降低了茎部 DDE 含量（28.6%），但对根部浓度没有影响。富勒烯的存在不影响根部 DDE 含量，与蚯蚓共暴露时降低 21.6%至 37.5%。蚯蚓的存在会降低 DDE 含量。在植物收获后添加到土壤中的蚯蚓会积累更多的 DDE，但不会受到 C60 暴露的影响。还需要进一步的研究，但这些发现表明，富勒烯可能对土壤中风化共污染物的生物积累影响很小。
