PAP RSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei, Darussalam.
Synapse. 2013 Aug;67(8):541-3. doi: 10.1002/syn.21651. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. This is a mechanism of innate immunity, which may cause an increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophils circulating in the blood. Literature indicated that chronic inflammation might be a factor in developing neurological problems, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other similar illnesses. Our main objective is to identify peripheral markers of Alzheimer's disease and for that purpose; we are looking at the profile of white blood cells focusing on monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and basophils. Twenty-seven patients of Alzheimer's disease (AD), diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests were observed for their blood profile. Key observations during this study were that the levels of monocytes in the blood of the diagnosed AD patients were high irrespective of their age and sex. For those patients whose monocytes were in normal range their neutrophil levels were significantly high. Whereas blood levels of lymphocytes and basophils were found to be constantly low. Escalated levels of monocytes and neutrophils are hallmarks of chronic inflammation and may be precursor to Alzheimer's disease. A low lymphocyte count specifies that the body's resistance to fight infection is substantially reduced, whereas low basophil levels indicates their over utilization due to chronic allergic inflammatory condition. Future studies involved closer look at the cytokines produced by these white blood cells especially TNF IL-1, and IL-12, which are products of monocytes. Likewise, blood glucose and creatinine levels were high whereas calcium ions were low. Our studies indicated that white blood cells along with other inflammatory byproducts may act as peripheral markers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
炎症是血管组织对有害刺激（如病原体、受损细胞或刺激物）的复杂生物反应的一部分。这是先天免疫的一种机制，可能导致循环血液中的单核细胞和中性粒细胞数量增加。文献表明，慢性炎症可能是导致神经问题的一个因素，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和其他类似疾病。我们的主要目标是确定阿尔茨海默病的外周标志物，为此，我们正在观察白细胞的特征，重点是单核细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。我们观察了 27 名经磁共振成像和神经心理学测试诊断为阿尔茨海默病（AD）的患者的血液特征。在这项研究中，关键观察结果是，无论年龄和性别如何，诊断为 AD 的患者血液中的单核细胞水平都很高。对于单核细胞处于正常范围内的患者，其中性粒细胞水平明显较高。而淋巴细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的血液水平则一直较低。单核细胞和中性粒细胞水平升高是慢性炎症的标志，可能是阿尔茨海默病的前兆。淋巴细胞计数低表明身体抵抗感染的能力大大降低，而嗜碱性粒细胞水平低表明由于慢性过敏性炎症状态，其过度利用。未来的研究涉及更仔细地观察这些白细胞产生的细胞因子，特别是 TNF、IL-1 和 IL-12，它们是单核细胞的产物。同样，血糖和肌酐水平较高，而钙离子水平较低。我们的研究表明，白细胞和其他炎症产物可能作为阿尔茨海默病早期诊断的外周标志物。
