Aloulou Jihen, Damak Rahma, Masmoudi Fatma, Sidhom Oussama, Amami Othman
Service de psychiatrie B, EPS Hedi Chaker, route Elain, Sfax, Tunisie, Université de Sfax.
Tunis Med. 2013 Jan;91(1):44-9.
Burnout is a syndrome which affects preferentially help professions, having a strong emotional interpersonal implication.
To assess the prevalence of burn out in a sample of Tunisian nurses, and to determine its causes and perceived repercussions.
In a first step, we assessed the work conditions, the perceived burn out and its possible consequences in 142 nurses from 12 different wards. In a second step, we used the Malasch Burn Inventory to assess the burn out symptoms in ours ample.
More than two thirds (69%) of our sample had a burn out. Forty five point eight percent of the affected professionals had a high level of emotional distress, 36.6% had a high level of depersonalization and 22.5% had a low level of professional fulfillment. The high caseload was the first cause of burn out (72.5% of professionals) and was associated to a moderate level of burn out (OR=3.80; 95%IC: 1.079-13.420 ; p = 0.038). Role ambiguity and undefined responsibilities were associated to a high level of emotional distress (p=0.04) and depersonalization (p=0.03), and a low level of professional fulfillment (p=0.0001). High scores of emotional distress were associated to a high number of work hours (p=0.006) and less than 10 years in carrier duration (p=0.008). In our study, feelings of uselessness were associated to high levels of emotional distress (p=0.05) and depersonalization (p=0.002) on the one hand, and to a lower level of personal fulfillment on the other hand (p=0.04). Moreover, we found that cases with suicide ideations had a higher level of burn out (p=0.04). Concerning physical symptoms, emotional distress was associated to multiples somatic complains.
Our results corroborate partially with those of the literature and illustrate some parameters that can be the cause of burnout, such as working conditions, role ambiguity, and lack of experience among the young nurse. Therefore, it is important to take into consideration this various factors had their impact on quality of life of caregivers.
职业倦怠是一种主要影响助人职业的综合征，具有强烈的人际情感影响。
评估突尼斯护士样本中职业倦怠的患病率，并确定其原因和感知到的影响。
第一步，我们评估了来自12个不同病房的142名护士的工作条件、感知到的职业倦怠及其可能的后果。第二步，我们使用马氏职业倦怠量表来评估我们样本中的职业倦怠症状。
超过三分之二（69%）的样本存在职业倦怠。45.8%受影响的专业人员有高度的情绪困扰，36.6%有高度的去个性化，22.5%有低水平的职业成就感。高工作量是职业倦怠的首要原因（72.5%的专业人员），并与中度职业倦怠水平相关（OR=3.80；95%置信区间：1.079 - 13.420；p = 0.038）。角色模糊和职责不明确与高度情绪困扰（p=0.04）、去个性化（p=0.03）以及低水平职业成就感（p=0.0001）相关。高度情绪困扰得分与工作时长较多（p=0.006）以及从业年限少于10年（p=0.008）相关。在我们研究中，无用感一方面与高度情绪困扰（p=0.05）和去个性化（p=0.002）相关，另一方面与较低水平的个人成就感相关（p=0.04）。此外，我们发现有自杀意念的案例有更高水平的职业倦怠（p=0.04）。关于身体症状，情绪困扰与多种躯体不适相关。
我们的结果部分证实了文献中的结果，并阐明了一些可能导致职业倦怠的参数，如工作条件、角色模糊以及年轻护士缺乏经验。因此，考虑这些因素对护理人员生活质量的影响很重要。
