Costa G
Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e di Comunità, Università di Milano e Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3 Suppl):257-9.
Shift and night work are necessary in hospital work organization. They may have adverse effects on workers' health, due to disruption of biological rhythms, mainly as concerns sleep, digestive, fertility, psychoneurotic, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders, besides being a probable (according to IARC) risk factor for cancer (breast in particular). Hence, the primary intervention deals with a proper organization of shift schedules according to ergonomic criteria, able to avoid or limit the circadian disruption and related consequences as much as possible. In addition, useful countermeasures should be adopted, dealing with reduction of night work, increase of rest pauses and rest days, improved social services, and temporary transfer to day work, as well as a careful medical surveillance, aimed at detecting early signs of intolerance and at counseling for improving self-care strategies for a better coping.
轮班和夜班在医院工作安排中是必要的。它们可能会对工人的健康产生不利影响,因为生物节律被打乱,主要涉及睡眠、消化、生育、精神神经、代谢和心血管紊乱,此外(根据国际癌症研究机构的说法)还是癌症(尤其是乳腺癌)的一个可能风险因素。因此,首要干预措施是根据人体工程学标准妥善安排轮班时间表,尽可能避免或限制昼夜节律紊乱及相关后果。此外,应采取有效的应对措施,包括减少夜班、增加休息时间和休息日、改善社会服务、临时调至日班工作,以及进行仔细的医疗监测,旨在发现不耐受的早期迹象并提供咨询,以改进自我护理策略,从而更好地应对。