Corrigan Patrick W, Powell Karina J, Michaels Patrick J
College of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013 Mar;201(3):179-82. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182848c24.
The media are often identified as partially responsible for increasing the stigma of mental illness through their negatively focused representations. For many years, training programs have educated journalists on how to report on mental illness to reduce stigma. This purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of reading a positive, neutral or a negative journalism article that discusses mental illness. Consenting adult participants were randomly assigned to read one of three published articles about recovery from mental illness, a dysfunctional public mental health system, or dental hygiene. The participants completed measures immediately before and after the intervention; the measures administered evaluated stigmatizing and affirming attitudes toward people with mental illness. Public stigma was assessed using the nine-item Attribution Questionnaire and the Stigma Through Knowledge Test (STKT). The STKT is a measure of mental illness stigma less susceptible to the impact of social desirability. Affirming attitudes represent public perceptions about recovery, empowerment, and self-determination, indicated as important to accepting and including people with psychiatric disabilities into society. Significant differences were observed between the articles on recovery and dysfunctional public mental health system, as well as the control condition, on the measures of stigma and affirming attitudes. The recovery article reduced stigma and increased affirming attitudes, whereas the dysfunctional public mental health system article increased stigma and decreased affirming attitudes. Not all journalistic stories have positive effects on attitudes about mental illness.
媒体常常被认为要对通过负面报道增加精神疾病污名化承担部分责任。多年来，培训项目一直在教导记者如何报道精神疾病以减少污名化。本研究的目的是评估阅读一篇关于精神疾病的正面、中性或负面新闻报道的益处。同意参与的成年参与者被随机分配阅读三篇已发表文章中的一篇，这三篇文章分别是关于从精神疾病中康复、功能失调的公共精神卫生系统或口腔卫生。参与者在干预前后立即完成各项测评；所实施的测评评估了对患有精神疾病者的污名化态度和肯定态度。使用九项归因问卷和通过知识测试的污名化（STKT）来评估公众污名化。STKT是一种对社会期望影响较不敏感的精神疾病污名化测量方法。肯定态度代表公众对康复、赋权和自决的看法，这些被认为对于接纳患有精神疾病的人融入社会很重要。在关于康复的文章、功能失调的公共精神卫生系统文章以及对照条件之间，在污名化和肯定态度的测评上观察到了显著差异。关于康复的文章减少了污名化并增加了肯定态度，而关于功能失调的公共精神卫生系统的文章则增加了污名化并减少了肯定态度。并非所有新闻报道对精神疾病态度都有积极影响。
