无家可归者的邻里环境。
The neighborhood context of homelessness.
机构信息
Department of Social Work, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608-2155, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2013 Apr;103(4):679-85. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301007. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
OBJECTIVES
We examined and compared the changing neighborhood characteristics of a group of homeless adults over time.
METHODS
We collected the addresses of previous housing and sleep locations from a longitudinal study of 400 homeless adults in the St. Louis, Missouri, region and compared census measures of housing and economic opportunities at different points along individual pathways from housing to homelessness and at 1- and 2-year follow-up interviews.
RESULTS
Sleep locations of homeless adults were much more concentrated in the urban core at baseline than were their previous housed and follow-up locations. These core areas had higher poverty, unemployment, and rent-to-income ratios and lower median incomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The spatial concentration of homeless adults in areas with fewer opportunities and more economic and housing distress may present additional barriers to regaining stable housing and employment. A big-picture spatial and time-course viewpoint is critical for both policymakers and future homelessness researchers.
目的
我们考察并比较了一组无家可归成年人随时间变化的邻里特征。
方法
我们从密苏里州圣路易斯地区一项对 400 名无家可归成年人的纵向研究中收集了他们之前的住房和睡眠地点的地址，并将个体从住房到无家可归再到 1 年和 2 年随访访谈的不同阶段以及后续地点的住房和经济机会的人口普查指标进行了比较。
结果
无家可归成年人的睡眠地点在基线时比他们之前的住房和后续地点更加集中在城市中心。这些核心区域的贫困率、失业率和租金收入比更高，而中位数收入则更低。
结论
无家可归成年人在机会较少、经济和住房压力较大的地区集中居住，这可能给他们重新获得稳定住房和就业带来更多障碍。对于政策制定者和未来的无家可归研究人员来说，从整体的空间和时间角度来看待问题至关重要。
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