Dept of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013 Mar;8(2):111-22. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.8.2.111.
The aim of this systematic literature review was to outline the various preexperimental maximal cycle-test protocols, terminology, and performance indicators currently used to classify subject groups in sport-science research and to construct a classification system for cycling-related research.
A database of 130 subject-group descriptions contains information on preexperimental maximal cycle-protocol designs, terminology of the subject groups, biometrical and physiological data, cycling experience, and parameters. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 1-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni (P < .05), and trend lines were calculated on height, body mass, relative and absolute maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)), and peak power output (PPO).
During preexperimental testing, an initial workload of 100 W and a workload increase of 25 W are most frequently used. Three-minute stages provide the most reliable and valid measures of endurance performance. After obtaining data on a subject group, researchers apply various terms to define the group. To solve this complexity, the authors introduced the neutral term performance levels 1 to 5, representing untrained, recreationally trained, trained, well-trained, and professional subject groups, respectively. The most cited parameter in literature to define subject groups is relative VO(2max), and therefore no overlap between different performance levels may occur for this principal parameter. Another significant cycling parameter is the absolute PPO. The description of additional physiological information and current and past cycling data is advised.
This review clearly shows the need to standardize the procedure for classifying subject groups. Recommendations are formulated concerning preexperimental testing, terminology, and performance indicators.
本系统文献回顾旨在概述目前用于对运动科学研究中的受试者群体进行分类的各种预实验最大循环测试方案、术语和绩效指标，并构建一个与自行车相关的研究分类系统。
一个包含 130 个受试者群体描述的数据库包含了预实验最大循环方案设计、受试者群体术语、生物计量学和生理学数据、自行车经验以及参数的信息。对身高、体重、相对和绝对最大摄氧量（VO₂max）和最大功率输出（PPO）进行了 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验、单因素方差分析、事后 Bonferroni（P<.05）和趋势线分析。
在预实验测试中，最常使用的初始工作负荷为 100 W，工作负荷增加 25 W。3 分钟的阶段提供最可靠和有效的耐力表现测量。在获得一个受试者群体的数据后，研究人员会使用各种术语来定义该群体。为了解决这种复杂性，作者引入了中立术语“表现水平 1 到 5”，分别代表未训练、娱乐训练、训练、良好训练和专业的受试者群体。文献中用于定义受试者群体的最常被引用的参数是相对 VO₂max，因此这个主要参数不会在不同的表现水平之间发生重叠。另一个重要的自行车参数是绝对 PPO。建议描述其他生理信息和当前及过去的自行车数据。
本综述清楚地表明需要标准化分类受试者群体的程序。针对预实验测试、术语和绩效指标提出了建议。
