Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico.
Braz J Psychiatry. 2012 Dec;34(4):395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.03.004.
To describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Mexican population, aged 12 to 65 years, by identifying the main related socio-demographic and personal factors.
Data are drawn from the National Survey on Addictions 2008 (ENA 2008), a random, probabilistic, multistage study. A randomly selected sub-sample of 22,962 persons answered the section on depressive symptomatology, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
The total prevalence for depressive symptomatology was 5.1%; the prevalence was 7.5% for women and 2.5% for men. For women, more evidence of depressive symptoms was seen in the central region, whereas for men, symptoms were homogeneous across the country. Factors related to the presence of depressive symptoms include being divorced (in women) or widowed (in men), having lower educational attainment, perceiving one's place of residence as unsafe, displaying alcohol abuse or dependence, being a regular drug consumer (in men) and having been sexually abused (males and females).
The regional distribution of depressive symptomatology in women indicates the need for region-specific prevention programs that take into account the different social problems that affect women's emotional well-being. More research is also needed to support the early identification and intervention of men suffering from depression.
通过确定主要相关的社会人口学和个人因素，描述 12 至 65 岁墨西哥人群中抑郁症状的流行情况。
数据来自 2008 年国家成瘾调查（ENA 2008），这是一项随机、概率、多阶段研究。随机选择了 22962 人回答了关于抑郁症状的部分，使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）进行测量。
抑郁症状的总流行率为 5.1%；女性的患病率为 7.5%，男性为 2.5%。对于女性，抑郁症状在中部地区更为明显，而对于男性，症状在全国范围内较为均匀。与抑郁症状存在相关的因素包括离婚（女性）或丧偶（男性）、教育程度较低、认为居住地不安全、出现酒精滥用或依赖、经常使用毒品（男性）和遭受过性虐待（男性和女性）。
女性抑郁症状的区域分布表明需要制定针对特定地区的预防计划，考虑到影响女性情绪健康的不同社会问题。还需要更多的研究来支持对患有抑郁症的男性进行早期识别和干预。
