Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Psychiatry. 2013 Apr-Jun;35(2):142-9. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0875.
Depression is a highly prevalent condition and is considered a major public health issue. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Brazilian population and establish their sociodemographic correlates.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2005 and April 2006. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. The sample consisted of 3,007 interviews with individuals aged 14 years and older and followed a probabilistic design covering the Brazilian national territory. Depressive symptoms were assessed according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
The observed prevalence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% (13% mild/moderate; 15.3% major/severe; p < 0.01). Increased depressive symptom rates were associated with being a female, being 45 years of age and older, having lower educational attainment, being single, having family income of up to 2.5 times minimum wage, and living in the northern region of Brazil (p < 0.05).
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazil is high, with major depressive symptoms being the most frequent form of this symptomatology. Considering the biopsychosocial model of mental disorders, this survey points to the involvement of psychosocial factors in the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Brazil.
抑郁症是一种高发疾病，被认为是一个主要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估巴西人群中抑郁症状的流行率，并确定其社会人口学相关性。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，于 2005 年 11 月至 2006 年 4 月间进行。数据收集采用面对面访谈方式，使用标准化问卷。样本由 3007 名年龄在 14 岁及以上的个体组成，采用概率设计覆盖巴西全国。抑郁症状根据流行病学研究中心抑郁量表进行评估。
观察到的抑郁症状流行率为 28.3%（轻度/中度 13%；重度/严重 15.3%；p<0.01）。抑郁症状发生率增加与女性、45 岁及以上、教育程度较低、单身、家庭收入为最低工资的 2.5 倍以下以及居住在巴西北部地区有关（p<0.05）。
巴西的抑郁症状流行率较高，其中重度抑郁症状是最常见的症状形式。考虑到精神障碍的生物心理社会模式，本调查表明心理社会因素与巴西抑郁症状的流行有关。
