Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013 Feb 21;10(1):10. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-10.
Strenuous physical activity can alter the status of folic acid, a vitamin directly associated with homocysteine (Hcy); alterations in this nutrient are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Handball players are a population at risk for nutrient deficiency because of poor dietary habits.
The aims of this study were to evaluate nutritional status for macronutrients and folic acid in members of a high-performance handball team, and determine the effect of a nutritional intervention with folic acid supplementation and education.
A total of 14 high-performance handball players were monitored by recording training time, training intensity (according to three levels of residual heart rate (RHR): <60%, 60%-80% and >80%), and subjective perceived exertion (RPE) during a 4-month training period. Nutritional, laboratory and physical activity variables were recorded at baseline (Week 0), after 2 months of dietary supplementation with 200 μg folic acid (50% of the recommended daily allowance) (Week 8) and after 2 months without supplementation (Week 16). We compared training load and analyzed changes in plasma concentrations of Hcy before and after the intervention.
Bivariate analysis showed a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between Hcy and folic acid concentrations (r = -0.84) at Week 8, reflecting a significant change in Hcy concentration (P < 0.05) as a result of hyperhomocysteinemia following the accumulation of high training loads. At Week 16 we observed a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between Hcy concentration and training time with an RHR <60%, indicating that aerobic exercise avoided abrupt changes in Hcy and may thus reduce the risk of cardiovascular accidents in high-performance athletes.
Integral monitoring and education are needed for practitioners of handball sports to record their folic acid status, a factor that directly affects Hcy metabolism. Folic acid supplementation may protect athletes against alterations that can lead to cardiovascular events related to exertion during competition.
剧烈的身体活动会改变叶酸的状态，叶酸是一种与同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）直接相关的维生素；这种营养素的改变是心血管疾病的一个危险因素。由于不良的饮食习惯，手球运动员是营养缺乏的高危人群。
本研究旨在评估高水平手球队员的宏量营养素和叶酸的营养状况，并确定叶酸补充和教育的营养干预的效果。
在 4 个月的训练期间，通过记录训练时间、训练强度（根据残余心率（RHR）的三个水平：<60%、60%-80%和>80%）和主观感知用力（RPE），对 14 名高水平手球运动员进行监测。在基线（第 0 周）、2 个月的 200μg 叶酸（推荐日摄入量的 50%）膳食补充（第 8 周）和 2 个月的无补充（第 16 周）后记录营养、实验室和身体活动变量。我们比较了训练负荷，并分析了干预前后 Hcy 血浆浓度的变化。
双变量分析显示，第 8 周时 Hcy 与叶酸浓度呈显著负相关（P<0.01）（r=-0.84），反映了高训练负荷累积后高同型半胱氨酸血症导致 Hcy 浓度显著变化（P<0.05）。在第 16 周时，我们观察到 Hcy 浓度与 RHR<60%的训练时间之间存在显著负相关（P<0.01），这表明有氧运动避免了 Hcy 的突然变化，从而降低了高水平运动员发生心血管意外的风险。
手球运动员的从业者需要进行综合监测和教育，以记录他们的叶酸状况，这一因素直接影响 Hcy 的代谢。叶酸补充可能保护运动员免受可能导致比赛中用力相关心血管事件的改变。
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