Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013 Feb;17 Suppl 1:9-12.
Hydrocarbon pneumonia is distinct among the types of childhood pneumonia in that it has a different pathogenesis and treatment and is preventable. In this study, the cases of 54 children with hydrocarbon pneumonia admitted to the Dicle University Medical Faculty Pediatric Chest Diseases Unit between the years 2006 and 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.
The medical records of 54 patients diagnosed with pneumonia after ingesting/inhaling hydrocarbons were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, presenting symptoms, clinical status, radiological and laboratory findings and response to treatment and prognosis were noted.
35 (64.8%) of the patients were male, 19 (35.2%) were female and the ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 2.49 ± 0.80. The etiologies of the pneumonia were thinner (33%), naphta (3.7%) and kerosene. In 49 of the patients (90.7%), the symptoms started to occur the day the patient was exposed to hydrocarbons. The average length of hospital stay was 4.0 ± 2.3 days. Six patients were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU), and one patient with hydrocarbon pneumonia due to kerosene ingestion died. Inhaled corticosteroids were administered to 18 patients who were progressively deteriorating and inhaled salbutamol was given to 16 patients with bronchospasm. Patients with radiological findings on their chest X-rays and auscultatory findings were found to have longer hospital stays (p < 0.05).
To prevent chemical pneumonia, precautions must be taken to stop children under 5 years of age from using/abusing chemical substances. Although some cases of chemical pneumonia lead to death, with diligent care and treatment, the outcomes are promising. The patients in this study group responded well to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and salbutamol.
烃类肺炎在儿童肺炎类型中较为特殊，因为它具有不同的发病机制和治疗方法，并且可以预防。本研究回顾性分析了 2006 年至 2010 年期间在迪亚巴克尔大学医学系儿科胸部疾病科住院的 54 例烃类肺炎患儿的病例。
回顾性分析了 54 例因摄入/吸入碳氢化合物而诊断为肺炎的患者的病历。记录了年龄、性别、主要症状、临床状态、影像学和实验室检查结果以及治疗反应和预后。
54 例患者中，35 例（64.8%）为男性，19 例（35.2%）为女性，年龄 1-5 岁，平均 2.49±0.80 岁。肺炎的病因分别为：稀释剂（33%）、石脑油（3.7%）和煤油。49 例（90.7%）患者在接触碳氢化合物后当天出现症状。平均住院时间为 4.0±2.3 天。6 例患者在重症监护病房（ICU）治疗，1 例因摄入煤油而患有烃类肺炎的患者死亡。18 例病情逐渐恶化的患者接受吸入皮质激素治疗，16 例支气管痉挛患者接受沙丁胺醇吸入治疗。胸部 X 线和听诊有影像学发现的患者住院时间较长（p<0.05）。
为预防化学性肺炎，必须采取措施防止 5 岁以下儿童使用/滥用化学物质。虽然有些化学性肺炎病例导致死亡，但经过精心护理和治疗，预后良好。本研究组患者对吸入皮质激素和沙丁胺醇治疗反应良好。
