Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2013 Apr;150(4):591-601. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22231. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Dominance style, the level of tolerance displayed by dominant individuals toward subordinate ones, is exhibited along a continuum from despotic to relaxed. It is a useful concept to describe the nature of dominance relationships in macaque species and it bridges among multiple features of dominance hierarchies, aggression, kinship and conflict resolution. Capuchins share many behavioral similarities with Old World monkeys and like macaques, may exhibit a suite of covarying characteristics related to dominance. Here, we provide an assessment of dominance style by examining measures of aggression and kin bias in 22 adult female white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in three social groups at Santa Rosa Sector, Costa Rica. We found that bidirectionality of aggression was low (mean = 6.9% ± SE 1.6). However, there were few significant correlations between kin relatedness and social behavior (approaching, grooming, proximity, and co-feeding), even though the intensity of kin bias in grooming was moderate and higher in the larger group. We conclude that patterns of aggression and kin-biased behavior in our study animals are dissimilar to the patterns of covariation observed in macaque species. While unidirectional aggression suggests a despotic dominance style, the moderate expression of kin bias suggests an intermediate to relaxed classification when compared with results from an analysis of 19 macaque species. Additional studies of capuchin species and behaviors associated with dominance style (i.e., conciliatory tendencies) would help to create a comparative framework for the genus Cebus, and allow for more detailed cross-species comparison of dominance relationships across all primates.
支配风格是指支配个体对从属个体表现出的容忍程度，沿着从专制到宽松的连续体表现出来。它是一个有用的概念，可以描述猕猴物种中支配关系的本质，并在支配等级、攻击性、亲缘关系和冲突解决等多个特征之间架起桥梁。卷尾猴与旧世界猴有许多相似的行为特征，它们可能表现出一系列与支配地位相关的特征。在这里，我们通过检查哥斯达黎加圣罗莎区三个社会群体中 22 只成年雌性白面卷尾猴（Cebus capucinus）的攻击性和亲缘偏向指标来评估支配风格。我们发现，攻击性的双向性较低（平均值=6.9%±SE1.6）。然而，亲缘关系与社会行为（接近、梳理、接近和共同进食）之间几乎没有显著相关性，尽管梳理中的亲缘偏向强度适中，在较大的群体中更高。我们的结论是，我们研究动物的攻击性和亲缘偏向行为模式与猕猴物种中观察到的变化模式不同。虽然单向攻击性表明存在专制的支配风格，但与对 19 种猕猴物种的分析结果相比，适度表达的亲缘偏向表明存在中间到宽松的分类。对卷尾猴物种和与支配风格相关的行为（即和解倾向）的进一步研究将有助于为卷尾猴属创建一个比较框架，并允许对所有灵长类动物的支配关系进行更详细的跨物种比较。
