Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Unit of Bacteriology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013 May;19(3):251-8. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835f1afc.
Bacterial respiratory infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the main pathogen in adults, but other Gram-negative bacteria such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria have been shown to play an important role in the lung disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge on disease and treatment of infection with CF-related pathogens.
The role of the paranasal sinuses as a source of infection and site of bacterial adaptation has been recognized. This review will focus on the different conditions encountered by the bacteria in sinuses and lung, as well as the principles of treatment in the different infection sites.
Chronic, pulmonary infections remain the single most prominent cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in CF. After the increasing efficiency of anti-P. aeruginosa treatment, newer pathogens have been identified, with individual clinical characteristics. Microbiological surveillance is very important in keeping the patients stable. Samples from both the lower and upper respiratory tract (nasal sampling) should be investigated and both infection sites should be treated.
细菌性呼吸道感染是囊性纤维化（CF）患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因。铜绿假单胞菌仍然是成人的主要病原体，但其他革兰氏阴性菌，如木糖氧化无色杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌以及非结核分枝杆菌已被证明在肺部疾病中发挥重要作用。本文综述的目的是总结 CF 相关病原体感染和治疗的相关知识。
已认识到鼻窦作为感染源和细菌适应部位的作用。这篇综述将重点介绍细菌在鼻窦和肺部的不同条件，以及不同感染部位的治疗原则。
慢性肺部感染仍然是 CF 患者发病率和死亡率增加的单一最主要原因。在抗铜绿假单胞菌治疗效果提高后，已经发现了具有个体临床特征的新病原体。微生物监测对于保持患者稳定非常重要。应调查下呼吸道和上呼吸道（鼻采样）的样本，并且应治疗两个感染部位。
