Bijlmer H A, van Alphen L, Greenwood B M, Brown J, Schneider G, Hughes A, Menon A, Zanen H C, Valkenburg H A
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia.
J Infect Dis. 1990 Jun;161(6):1210-5. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.6.1210.
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis was studied over a 2-year period in children less than 5 years of age in a population-based, prospective study in The Gambia, West Africa. A total of 77 cases were recorded. The incidence was 60 cases/100,000 children less than 5 years of age and 297 cases/100,000 children less than 1 year of age. The peak prevalence was at the age of 5 months; 83% of the children were less than 1 year old and 45% were less than 6 months old. Only 55% of cases recovered completely. The distance to the nearest hospital was an important predisposing factor for a fatal outcome. Two cases were secondary. Many patients were anemic and underweight. The observations show that H. influenzae meningitis in The Gambia has an incidence as high as that in the USA, but that it has 10-fold more devastating outcome. If the infection is to be prevented by vaccination in The Gambia, immunization will have to be given very early in life.
在西非冈比亚进行的一项基于人群的前瞻性研究中，对2岁以下儿童的流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎进行了为期2年的研究。共记录了77例病例。发病率为每10万名5岁以下儿童中有60例，每10万名1岁以下儿童中有297例。发病高峰在5个月龄；83%的儿童小于1岁，45%的儿童小于6个月。只有55%的病例完全康复。到最近医院的距离是导致致命结局的一个重要诱发因素。2例为继发性病例。许多患者贫血且体重不足。观察结果表明，冈比亚的流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎发病率与美国一样高，但造成的破坏性后果却是美国的10倍。如果要在冈比亚通过疫苗接种预防这种感染，就必须在生命早期进行免疫接种。
