Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2013 Jun;28(6):359-66. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.018. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Recent phylogeographic studies have overturned three paradigms for the origins of marine biodiversity. (i) Physical (allopatric) isolation is not the sole avenue for marine speciation: many species diverge along ecological boundaries. (ii) Peripheral habitats such as oceanic archipelagos are not evolutionary graveyards: these regions can export biodiversity. (iii) Speciation in marine and terrestrial ecosystems follow similar processes but are not the same: opportunities for allopatric isolation are fewer in the oceans, leaving greater opportunity for speciation along ecological boundaries. Biodiversity hotspots such as the Caribbean Sea and the Indo-Pacific Coral Triangle produce and export species, but can also accumulate biodiversity produced in peripheral habitats. Both hotspots and peripheral ecosystems benefit from this exchange in a process dubbed biodiversity feedback.
最近的系统地理学研究推翻了海洋生物多样性起源的三个范式。（i）物理（地理）隔离并不是海洋物种形成的唯一途径：许多物种沿着生态边界分化。（ii）像大洋群岛这样的边缘栖息地不是进化的墓地：这些地区可以输出生物多样性。（iii）海洋和陆地生态系统的物种形成遵循相似的过程，但并不相同：海洋中地理隔离的机会较少，因此沿着生态边界形成物种的机会更多。像加勒比海和印度-太平洋珊瑚三角这样的生物多样性热点地区既产生又输出物种，但也可以积累在边缘栖息地产生的生物多样性。热点地区和边缘生态系统都从这种被称为生物多样性反馈的交换中受益。
