Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
J Dairy Sci. 2013 May;96(5):2801-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6249. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. in dairy herds authorized for the production and sale of raw milk and in a water buffalo dairy farm, and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 196 in-line milk filters were collected from 14 dairy farms (13 bovine and 1 water buffalo) for detection of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. by microbiological culture. For each farm investigated, 1 isolate for each Campylobacter and Arcobacter species isolated was tested using the Etest method (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) to evaluate the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. A total of 52 isolates were detected in 49 milk filters in 12 farms (85.7%) out of 14 and the isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (6), Campylobacter hyointestinalis ssp. hyointestinalis (8), Campylobacter concisus (1), Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus (1), Arcobacter butzleri (22), and Arcobacter cryaerophilus (14). The small number of isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility precludes any epidemiological consideration but highlights that all Campylobacter isolates were susceptible to macrolides, which are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of campylobacteriosis, and that resistance to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline was detected; for Arcobacter isolates, resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol was detected. The sale of raw milk for human consumption by self-service automatic vending machines has been allowed in Italy since 2004 and the presence of C. jejuni in in-line milk filters confirms that raw milk consumption is a significant risk factor for human infection. The high occurrence of emerging Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. discovered in dairy farms authorized for production and sale of raw milk represents an emerging hazard for human health.
本研究的目的是调查获准生产和销售生奶的奶牛场和水牛奶场中弯曲菌属和弧菌属的存在情况，并测试分离株的抗菌敏感性。从 14 个奶牛场（13 个奶牛场和 1 个水牛场）采集了 196 个在线牛奶过滤器，通过微生物培养检测弯曲菌属和弧菌属。对于每个调查的农场，用 Etest 法（AB Biodisk，Solna，瑞典）测试从每个分离的弯曲菌属和弧菌属分离株中分离出的 1 个分离株，以评估对环丙沙星、四环素、氯霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素和庆大霉素的敏感性。从 14 个农场中的 12 个农场（85.7%）的 49 个牛奶过滤器中检测到 52 个分离株，分离株鉴定为空肠弯曲菌（6）、空肠弯曲菌空肠亚种（8）、直肠弯曲菌（1）、胎儿弯曲菌胎儿亚种（1）、鲍氏弯曲菌（22）和嗜冷弯曲菌（14）。对抗菌敏感性进行测试的分离株数量较少，无法进行任何流行病学考虑，但突出表明所有空肠弯曲菌分离株均对大环内酯类敏感，大环内酯类是治疗弯曲菌病的首选药物，并且检测到对氟喹诺酮类和四环素的耐药性；对于弧菌属分离株，检测到对氨苄西林和氯霉素的耐药性。自 2004 年以来，意大利允许通过自助自动售货机销售生奶供人类消费，在线牛奶过滤器中发现空肠弯曲菌证实了生奶消费是人类感染的一个重要危险因素。获准生产和销售生奶的奶牛场中弧菌属和新兴弯曲菌属的高发生率对人类健康构成了新的威胁。
